The two types of atmosphere of Jupiter and Saturn / Equilibrium and disequilibrium chemistry of adiabatic, solar-composition planetary atmospheres / Titan's atmosphere and surface / Chemical abundances in the atmospheres of the giant planets and their satellites / Ion molecule plasma chemistry in reducing planetary atmospheres / Life on the second Sun / Microbial life at low temperatures / Possibility of growth of airborne microbes in outer planetary atmospheres / Dormant and resistant stages of procaryotic cells / Life in extreme environments : biological water requirements / Planetary mission planning for the next decade / Spin-scan imaging -- application to planetary missions / Exploration of the giant planets by infrared spectroscopy / Energy requirements of a biosphere / Biology on the outer planets / Organic synthesis in a simulated Jovian atmosphere of the planet Jupiter