Introduction : explaining the decline in inequality in Latin America : technological change, educational upgrading, and democracy / Luis Felipe Lopez-Calva and Nora Lustig -- Labor earnings inequality : the demand for and supply of skills / Jaime Kahhat -- The political economy of redistributive policies / James A. Robinson -- The dynamics of income concentration in developed and developing countries : a view from the top / Facundo Alvaredo and Thomas Piketty -- A distribution in motion : the case of Argentina / Leonardo Gasparini and Guillermo Cruces -- Markets, the state, and the dynamics of inequality in Brazil / Ricardo Barros, Mirela de Carvalho, Samuel Franco, and Rosane Mendonca -- Mexico : a decade of falling inequality : market forces or state action? / Gerardo Esquivel, Nora Lustig, and John Scott -- Inequality in post-structural reform Peru: the role of market forces and public policy / Miguel Jaramillo and Jaime Saavedra.