Front Cover -- Scrotoscopic Surgery -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Live Demonstration/Videos -- 1 Applied Anatomy of the Scrotum and its Contents -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Applied anatomy of the scrotum -- 1.2.1 Position and Appearance of the Scrotum -- 1.2.2 Layers of the Scrotum -- 1.2.3 Blood Vessels, Lymphatics, and Nerves of the Scrotum -- 1.3 Applied anatomy of testis and epididymis -- 1.3.1 The Testis -- 1.3.2 The Epididymis -- 1.4 Applied Anatomy of the Spermatic Cord -- Further Reading -- 2 Surgical Instruments and Equipment for Scrotoscopic Surgery -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Common Instruments -- 2.2.1 Rigid Cystoscope -- 2.2.1.1 Telescope -- 2.2.1.2 Sheath With an Obturator -- 2.2.1.3 Intermediate Piece (Bridge) -- 2.2.1.4 Auxiliary Instruments -- 2.2.2 Resectoscope -- 2.2.2.1 Telescope -- 2.2.2.2 Sheath With an Obturator -- 2.2.2.3 Operating Part -- 2.2.2.4 Electrode -- 2.2.3 Distending Medium and Chips Evacuation -- 2.2.3.1 Distending Medium -- 2.2.3.2 Chips Evacuation -- 2.2.4 Brief Introduction of the Relevant Patent Certifications -- 2.2.4.1 An Integrated Scrotoscope for Diagnosis and Electrosurgical Excision in the Scrotum Cavity -- 2.2.4.2 A Fixing Device for the Channel of the Scrotal Minimally Invasive Surgery -- 2.2.4.3 A Cannula for Scrotoscopes -- 2.3 Surgical Lighting System -- 2.3.1 Light Sources -- 2.3.2 Light Guide Cables -- 2.4 Surgical Imaging System -- 2.5 Electrosurgical System -- 2.6 Affiliated Instruments -- References -- 3 Indications and Anesthesia for Scrotoscopic Surgery -- 3.1 Indications and contraindications -- 3.1.1 Indications -- 3.1.2 Contraindications of Scrotoscopy -- 3.2 Anesthesia for scrotoscopic surgery, surgical positions and perfusate collection -- 3.2.1 Anesthesia for Scrotoscopic Surgery -- 3.2.2 Surgical Positions and Perfusate Collection.

3.2.2.1 Surgical Positions -- 3.2.2.2 Perfusate Collection -- Further Reading -- 4 General Techniques of Scrotoscopic Surgery -- 4.1 Scrotoscopic Surgical Approach -- 4.1.1 Position of the Surgeon and Assistant -- 4.1.2 Incision Location -- 4.1.3 Surgical Procedures (see video "The basic skills of scrotoscope") -- 4.1.4 Considerations -- 4.1.5 Common Problems and Solutions -- 4.2 Basic Examination Methods Under the Scrotoscope -- 4.2.1 Basic Skills of Scrotoscope Examination (see video "The examination and biopsy under scrotoscope") -- 4.2.1.1 Insertion of the Scrotoscope -- 4.2.1.2 Basic Movement -- 4.2.1.3 Examination Order -- 4.2.1.4 Lesion Management -- 4.2.1.5 Removal of the Scrotoscope -- 4.2.1.6 Positioning of a Drainage Strip When Necessary -- 4.2.2 Considerations -- 4.3 Normal Anatomy Under the View of Scrotoscopy -- 4.3.1 Tunica Vaginalis Cavity and the Tunica Vaginalis -- 4.3.1.1 Tunica Vaginalis Cavity -- 4.3.1.2 Colors of the Tunica Vaginalis -- 4.3.1.3 Vessels of the Tunica Vaginalis -- 4.3.1.4 Remains of the Processus Vaginalis -- 4.3.2 Testis and Testicular Appendages -- 4.3.2.1 Testis -- 4.3.2.2 Testicular Appendix -- 4.3.3 Epididymis and the Epididymal Appendix -- 4.3.3.1 Epididymis -- 4.3.3.2 Epididymal Appendages -- 4.3.4 Spermatic Cord -- 4.4 Pathology of Organs Under the View of Scrotoscopy -- 4.4.1 Lesions of the Tunica Vaginalis and the Cavity of the Tunica Vaginalis -- 4.4.1.1 Chronic Inflammation of the Tunica Vaginalis -- 4.4.1.2 Submucosal Lesions -- 4.4.1.3 Hydrocele of the Testis -- 4.4.1.4 Stone in the Cavity of the Tunica Vaginalis -- 4.4.2 Testicular Diseases -- 4.4.2.1 Orchitis -- 4.4.2.2 Testicular Torsion -- 4.4.2.3 Testicular Injury -- 4.4.3 Epididymal Lesions -- 4.4.3.1 Epididymitis -- 4.4.3.2 Epididymal Cyst -- 4.4.3.3 Tuberculosis of Epididymis -- 4.4.3.4 Mass of Epididymis -- 4.4.4 Spermatic Cord Disease.

4.4.4.1 Varicocele -- 4.4.4.2 Cyst of Spermatic Cord -- Further Reading -- Suggested Live Demonstration/Videos -- 5 Basic Skills for Scrotoscopic Surgery -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Holding Techniques -- 5.2.1 Bimanual Operation -- 5.2.2 Single-Handed Operation -- 5.3 Perfusion Techniques -- 5.3.1 Flow and Pressure -- 5.3.2 Methods -- 5.3.3 Removal of Bubbles -- 5.3.4 Removal of Tissue Fragments -- 5.4 Plasmakinetic Resection Techniques -- 5.4.1 Technology -- 5.4.2 Steps -- 5.5 Intraoperative Indentification of Scrotal Tissues -- 5.5.1 Morphology -- 5.5.1.1 Factors Affecting the Identification of Intraoperative Tissue -- 5.6 Hemostatic Techniques -- 5.6.1 Looking for Bleeding Points -- 5.6.2 Coagulation Hemostasis -- 5.6.3 Examination Before the End of the Operation -- 5.7 Drainage Techniques -- 5.7.1 No Indwelling Drainage -- 5.7.2 Drainage of the Tunica Vaginalis Cavity -- 5.7.3 Drainage of the Tunica Vaginalis Cavity and Scrotal Wall -- 5.7.4 Double Drainage of the Tunica Vaginalis Cavity -- 5.8 Out-Scrotal Hand-Assisted Techniques -- 5.8.1 Methods -- 5.8.2 Application of Hand-Assisted Scrotoscopic Surgery Outside The Scrotum -- Further Reading -- 6 The Diagnostic and Emergency Applications of Scrotoscopy -- Subchapter 6.1 Examination and Biopsy Under the Scrotoscope -- 6.1.1 Introduction -- 6.1.2 Indications -- 6.1.3 Pre-operative Considerations -- 6.1.4 Surgical Techniques -- 6.1.5 Intraoperative Complications -- 6.1.6 Post-operative Care -- 6.1.7 Post-operative Complications -- 6.1.8 Keypoints -- Reference -- Further Reading -- Subchapter 6.2 Management of Testicular Torsion Under the Scrotoscope -- 6.2.1 Introduction -- 6.2.2 Indications -- 6.2.3 Pre-operative Considerations -- 6.2.4 Surgical Techniques -- 6.2.5 Intraoperative Complications -- 6.2.6 Post-Operative Care -- 6.2.7 Post-Operative Complications -- 6.2.8 Keypoints -- References.

Subchapter 6.3 Management of Closed Scrotal Trauma Under the Scrotoscope -- 6.3.1 Introduction -- 6.3.2 Indications -- 6.3.3 Pre-Operative Considerations -- 6.3.4 Surgical Techniques -- 6.3.5 Intraoperative Complications -- 6.3.6 Post-Operative Care -- 6.3.7 Post-operative Complications -- 6.3.8 Keypoints -- References -- Subchapter 6.4 Management of Epididymal Abscess Under the Scrotoscope -- 6.4.1 Introduction -- 6.4.2 Indications -- 6.4.3 Pre-Operative Considerations -- 6.4.4 Surgical Techniques -- 6.4.5 Intraoperative Considerations -- 6.4.6 Post-Operative Care -- 6.4.7 Post-Operative Complications -- 6.4.8 Keypoints -- References -- Subchapter 6.5 Management of Old Hematoma of the Tunica Vaginalis Under the Scrotoscope -- 6.5.1 Introduction -- 6.5.2 Indications -- 6.5.3 Pre-Operative Considerations -- 6.5.4 Surgical Techniques -- 6.5.5 Intraoperative Complications -- 6.5.6 Post-Operative Care -- 6.5.7 Post-Operative Complications -- 6.5.8 Keypoints -- References -- Subchapter 6.6 Management of Pyoceles Under the Scrotoscope -- 6.6.1 Introduction -- 6.6.2 Indications and Contraindications -- 6.6.3 Pre-Operative Considerations -- 6.6.4 Surgical Techniques -- 6.6.5 Intraoperative Complications -- 6.6.6 Post-Operative Care -- 6.6.7 Post-Operative Complications -- 6.6.8 Keypoints -- References -- Suggested Live Demonstration/Videos -- 7 Scrotoscope-Assisted Scrotal Surgery -- Subchapter 7.1 Scrotoscope-Assisted Testicular Biopsy -- 7.1.1 Introduction -- 7.1.2 Indications and Contraindications -- 7.1.3 Preoperative Preparation -- 7.1.4 Surgical Procedures -- 7.1.5 Points of Attention -- 7.1.6 Postoperative Treatment -- 7.1.7 Complication and Its Prevention and Control -- Further Reading -- Subchapter 7.2 Scrotoscope-Assisted Vaginectomy -- 7.2.1 Introduction -- 7.2.2 Indications -- 7.2.3 Preoperative Considerations -- 7.2.4 Surgical Procedures.

7.2.5 Postoperative Complications -- 7.2.6 Postoperative Care -- 7.2.7 Postoperative Complications -- 7.2.8 Keypoints -- References -- Subchapter 7.3 Scrotoscopic-Assisted Surgery of Spermatic Hydrocele -- 7.3.1 Introduction -- 7.3.2 Indications -- 7.3.3 Preoperative Considerations -- 7.3.4 Surgical Procedure -- 7.3.5 Postoperative Complications -- 7.3.6 Postoperative Care -- 7.3.7 Postoperative Complications -- 7.3.8 Keypoints -- References -- Subchapter 7.4 Scrotoscope-Assisted Excision of Scrotal Mass Excision With Mini-incision -- 7.4.1 Introduction -- 7.4.2 Indications -- 7.4.3 Preoperative Considerations -- 7.4.4 Surgical Techniques -- 7.4.5 Intraoperative Considerations -- 7.4.6 Postoperative Care -- 7.4.7 Postoperative Complications -- 7.4.8 Keypoints -- References -- Subchapter 7.5 Scrotoscope-Assisted Excision of Scrotal Wall Masses -- 7.5.1 Introduction -- 7.5.2 Indications -- 7.5.3 Preoperative Considerations -- 7.5.4 Surgical Techniques -- 7.5.5 Intraoperative Considerations -- 7.5.6 Postoperative Care -- 7.5.7 Postoperative Complications -- 7.5.8 Keypoints -- References -- Suggested Live Demonstration/Videos -- 8 Scrotoscopic Surgery of Scrotum and Contents -- Subchapter 8.1 Scrotoscopic Excision of Epididymal Cysts -- 8.1.1 Introduction -- 8.1.2 Indications -- 8.1.3 Preoperative Preparation -- 8.1.4 Surgical Procedures -- 8.1.5 Intraoperative Complications -- 8.1.6 Postoperative Management -- 8.1.7 Postoperative Complications -- 8.1.8 Key Points -- References -- Subchapter 8.2 Scrotoscopic Excision of Scrotal Wall Cysts -- 8.2.1 Introduction -- 8.2.2 Indications -- 8.2.3 Preoperative Considerations -- 8.2.4 Surgical Procedures -- 8.2.5 Postoperative Complications -- 8.2.6 Postoperative Care -- 8.2.7 Postoperative Complications -- 8.2.8 Key Points -- References -- Subchapter 8.3 Scrotoscopic Excision of Epididymal (Caput) Masses.

8.3.1 Introduction.