Molecular biological approaches in Na, K-ATPase and H, K-ATPase pump studies / Makoto Nakao -- Structural basis for the molecular mechanisms of the calcium-transporting ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum / Masao Kawakita -- Proton translocating ATP synthase (F₀F₁): understanding its molecular structure and function / Masamitu Futai -- The [alpha]₁[beta]₁ heterodimer and molecular assembly of ATP synthase / Yasuo Kagawa -- Molecular aspects of the yeast vacuolar membrane proton ATPase / Yasuhiro Anraku -- The ATP synthase of extremely halophilic archaebacteria and its relatives / Yasuo Mukohata -- Use of Na as an alternative to H⁺ in energy transduction / Yasuo Imae -- The electron transfer system in an acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacterium / Tateo Yamanaka -- Mitochondrial DNA disease: phylogeny and expression / Takayuki Ozawa -- A genetic trail of human mitochondrial DNA / Satoshi Horai.