Front Cover; An Introduction to Numerical Classification; Copyright Page; Table of Contents; Preface; CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION; Text; CHAPTER 2. CLASSIFICATION BY STRUCTURE; A. Naming; B. The Higher Categories: Arbitrary Divisions; C. The Evolutionary Framework: ""The New Systematics""; D. Models Showing Taxonomic Relationships; E. The Taxonomic Continuum; F. Critique of Classic Taxonomy; CHAPTER 3. CLASSIFICATION BY PROXIMITY; A. Biogeographical Classification; B. Ecological Classification; CHAPTER 4. GENERAL COMMENTS ON CLASSIFICATION; A. Continua in Nonbiological Situations

B. What Classification InvolvesCHAPTER 5. NUMERICAL APPROACHES TO CLASSIFICATION; A. Introduction; B. Types of Data; CHAPTER 6. MEASURES OF SIMILARITY AND DIFFERENCE; A. General; B. Coefficients of Similarity; C. Coefficients of Association; D. Euclidean Distance as a Dissimilarity Measure; E. Information Theory Measures of Similarity/Dissimilarity; F. Probabilistic Measures; G. Further Properties of Similarity Measures; CHAPTER 7. REDUCTION, TRANSFORMATION, AND STANDARDIZATION OF DATA; A. General; B. Data Reduction; C. Data Transformation; D. Data Standardization

E. Reduction, Transformation, and Standardization of Taxonomic DataF. Discussion of Data Manipulation; CHAPTER 8. SIMILARITY MATRICES AND THEIR ANALYSIS; A. Visual Matrices-Trellis Diagrams; B. Classificatory Strategies in General; C. Monothetic Divisive Hierarchical Clustering Methods; D. Agglomerative Polythetic Hierarchical Clustering Methods; E. Nonhierarchical Clustering, Clumping, Graphs, and Minimum Spanning Trees; CHAPTER 9. THE HANDLING AND INTERPRETATION OF THE RESULTS OF COMPUTER CLASSIFICATIONS; A. General Comparison and Interpretation of Result

B. Application of Significance TestsC. Combination of Strategies; D. Dendrograms; CHAPTER 10. DIFFICULTIES IN NUMERICAL CLASSIFICATION; A. Objectives in Classification; B. Choice of Data; C. Choice of Strategy; D. Presentation of Results; E. The Time Factor in Ecological Analyses: Multidimensional Data; F. Machine Dependency; CHAPTER 11. RELATIONSHIPS OF SPECIES TO EXTRINSIC FACTORS IN ECOLOGICAL ANALYSES; Text; CHAPTER 12. DIVERSITY AND CLASSIFICATION; A. Measures Based on Numbers of Species; B. Measures Based on the Proportions of Species Present; C. Measures of Evenness or Equitability

D. Importance of Dominance in Diversity MeasuresE. Interpretations of Diversity; F. Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Diversities; G. Habitat Width and Habitat Overlap; CHAPTER 13. MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; A. Introduction; B. Principal Component Analysis; C. Factor Analysis; D. Principal Coordinate Analysis; E. Canonical Variate Analyses; F. Canonical Correlation Analysis; G. Interpreting Ordinations; APPENDIX; A. Information Theory Measures of Diversity; B. Partitioning of Diversity of the Information Content of a Two-Way Table; C. Information Gain with Multistate Attributes