Cover -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Multiple Immunological Phenotypes in a Complex Genetic Disease -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Immunological Alterations in SLE -- 3. Genetics of SLE Susceptibility in Humans -- 4. Murine Models of SLE -- 5. Modeling Disease Development -- References -- Chapter 2: Avian Models with Spontaneous Autoimmune Diseases -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Chicken Genomics and Its Application to the Genetic Dissection of Autoimmune Disorders -- 3. The OS Chicken: Model for Human Hashimoto Disease -- 4. The UCD-200 Line of Chickens: A Model for Human Systemic Sclerosis -- 5. The SL Chicken Model for Human Autoimmune Vitiligo -- 6. Conclusions and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3: Functional Dynamics of Naturally Occurring Regulatory T Cells in Health and Autoimmunity -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Phenotype of CD4+CD25+ nTreg Cells -- 3. Factors Regulating the Expansion and Specificity of nTreg Cells -- 4. Innate and Adaptive Inflammatory Signals Dictating the Function of nTreg Cells -- 5. Growth Factor-Mediated Control of nTreg Cell Development, Function, and Homeostasis -- 6. Control of Autoimmune Responses by nTreg Cells -- 7. Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4: BTLA and HVEM Cross Talk Regulates Inhibition and Costimulation -- Abstract -- 1. Overview of BTLA and HVEM Ligand Discovery -- 2. Structural Characterization of BTLA Bound to HVEM -- 3. Viral Modulators of the HVEM-BTLA Pathway -- 4. Expression and Regulation of BTLA, LIGHT, and HVEM on T Cells and APCs -- 5. Mechanisms of the CD28 Family Inhibitory Receptors -- 6. Consequences of HVEM Ligation -- 7. BTLA and HVEM in Models of Disease -- 8. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: The Human T Cell Response to Melanoma Antigens -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Melanoma Antigens -- 3. Measurement of Antigen-Specific T Cell Responses -- 4. Naturally Acquired Tumor Antigen-Specific T Cell Responses -- 5. Vaccine-Induced T Cell Responses -- 6. Regulation of Tumor Antigen-Specific T Cell Responses -- 7. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6: Antigen Presentation and the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in Host-Pathogen Interactions -- Abstract -- 1. Host-Pathogen Interactions -- 2. Manipulation of the Host Response by Pathogens: Some General Considerations -- 3. Antigen Presentation -- 4. Class I MHC Antigen Presentation -- 5. Pathogen Recognition by CD8+ T Cells and NK Cells -- 6. Class II MHC Antigen Presentation -- 7. Ubiquitin-Proteasome System -- 8. The Ubiquitin Conjugation Cascade -- 9. Ubiquitin Ligases -- 10. Ubiquitin Chains and Ubiquitin-Like Modifiers (Ubls) -- 11. Deubiquitinating Enzymes -- 12. The Proteasome -- 13. ER Quality Control and Degradation -- 14. ERAD Substrate Recognition -- 15. ERAD E3 Ligases -- 16. Mammalian ERAD E3s -- 17. The Elusive Dislocon -- 18. Driving Dislocation and the Ub-Binding Route to the Proteasome -- 19. Peptide N-Glycanase -- 20. Viral Interference with Class I MHC Antigen Presentation.