Section I: Background.-- From central rudimentary to primary: the history of an underappreciated organelle whose time has come. The primary silium / Robert A. Bloodgood.-- Origin of the clium: novel approaches to examine a cetriolar evolution hypothesis / Mark C. Alliegro, Peter Satir.-- Section II: Cell biology/biochemistry.-- Using quantitative PCR to identify Kinesin-3 genes that are upregulated during growth arrest in mouse NIH3T3 cells / Rikke I. Thorsteinsson, Seren T. Christensen, Lotte B. Pedersen.-- Methods for the isolation of sensory and primary cilia -- an overview / Kimberly A.P. Mitchell, Gabor Szabo, Angela de S. Otero.-- Isolation of primary cilia for morphological analysis / Bing Huang, Tatyana Masyuk, Nicholas LaRusso.-- Analyzing primary cilia by multiphoton microscopy / Cornelia E. Farnum, Rebecca M. Williams, Eve Donnelly.-- Primary cilia and the cell cycle / Olga V. Plotnikova, Elena N. Pugacheva, Erica A. Golemis.-- Section III: Function.-- Utilizing of conditional alleles to study the role of the primary cilium in obesity / Robert A. Kerterson, Nicolas F. Berbari, Raymond C. Pasek, Bradley K. Yoder.-- Using nucleofectin of siRNA constructs for knockdown of primary cilia in P19. CL6 cancer stem cell differentiation into cardiomyocytes / Christian A. Clement, Lars A. Larsen, Seren T. Christensen.-- Primary cilium as a hedgehog signal transduction machine / Sarah C. Geotz, Polloneal J.R. Ocbina, Kathryn V. Anderson.-- Detecting the surgace localization and cytoplasmic cleavage of membrane-bound proteins / Hannah C. Chapin, Vanathy Rajendran, Anna Capasso, Michael J. Caplan.-- Assay for in vitro budding of ciliary-targeted rhodopsin transport carriers / Dusanka Deretic, Jana Mazelova.-- Immunoelectron microscopy of vesicle transport to the primary cilium of photoreceptor cells / Tina Sedmak, Elisabeth Sehn, Uwe Wolfrum.-- Polycystic kidney disease, cilia, and planar polarity / Luis F. Menezes, Gregory G. Germino.-- Constructing and deconstructing roles for the primary cilium in tissue architecture and cancer / E. Scott Seeley, Mazence V. Nachury.-- Section IV: Posttranslational modifications.-- Polyglutamylation and the Fleer gene / Narendra H. Pathak, Iain A. Drummond.-- Regulation of cilia assembly, disassembly, and length by protein phosphorylation / Muqing Cao, Guihua Li, Junmin Pan.-- Postranslational protein modifications in cilia and flagella / Roger D. Sloboda.