Front Cover; Solvent extraction in flame spectroscopic analysis; Copyright Page; Preface; Acknowledgements; Table of Contents; Chapter 1. The role of solvent extraction in flame spectrometric analysis; FLAME EMISSION SPECTROMETRY; ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY; ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY; OTHER USES OF SOLVENT EXTRACTION IN FLAME SPECTROMETRY; EXISTING APPLICATIONS OF SOLVENT EXTRACTION IN FLAME SPECTROMETRY; REFERENCES; Chapter 2. Solvents suitable for flame spectrometry; NEBULIZATION RATE; NEBULIZATION EFFICIENCY; SOLVENT COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS

SOLVENT TOXICITY AND HANDLING CHARACTERISTICSSALTING OUT; HIGH EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY; SOLVENT AVAILABILITY AND PURITY; THE FINAL CHOICE; SOLVENTS FOR USE WITH ELECTROTHERMAL ATOMIZERS; FLAME-HEATED CUPS AND BOATS; SOLVENT EXTRACT ANTS AS LIQUID FUELS; SOME COMMENTS ON SOLVENT NOMENCLATURE; KETONES; ESTERS; ALCOHOLS; ETHERS; ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS; AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; NITRO-COMPOUNDS; CHLORINATED SOLVENTS; OTHER SOLVENTS; CONCLUSIONS; REFERENCES; Chapter 3. Some theoretical aspects; PARTITION COEFFICIENT; DISTRIBUTION RATIO; PERCENTAGE EXTRACTION; EXTRACTION SYSTEMS

EFFECT OF pH ON CHELATE EXTRACTION SYSTEMSMETAL CHELATES AS EXTRACTANTS; OBSERVATIONS ON POSSIBLE INTERFERENCE MECHANISMS; KINETIC ASPECTS; IMPORTANCE OF TEMPERATURE; FLAME SPECTROMETRY IN THE INVESTIGATION OF EXTRACTION SYSTEMS; REFERENCES; Chapter 4. Some practical aspects; APPARATUS REQUIREMENTS; NEED FOR RIGID pH CONTROL; FACTORS GOVERNING CHOICE OF EXTRACTION RATIO; SALTING OUT; SAMPLE HANDLING AND PREPARATION; CONTAMINATION; LOSSES OF TRACE ELEMENTS; SOME SIDE-EFFECTS OF SOLVENT EXTRACTION; OPTIMIZATION OF FLAME CONDITIONS; HANDLING AND STORAGE OF ORGANIC SOLVENTS

PREPARATION OF STANDARDS AND BLANKSSTABILITY OF REAGENTS AND STANDARDS; DRYING AND CENTRIFUGATION OF EXTRACTS; METHODS OF IMPROVING SELECTIVITY; CHECKING RECOVERY; METHODS FOR STUDYING SOLVENT ENHANCEMENT EFFECTS; REFERENCES; Chapter 5. Applications; ALUMINIUM; ANTIMONY; ARSENIC; BARIUM; BERYLLIUM; BISMUTH; BORON; BROMINE; CADMIUM; CAESIUM; CALCIUM; CERIUM; CHLORINE; CHROMIUM; COBALT; COPPER; FLUORINE; GALLIUM; GERMANIUM; GOLD; HAFNIUM; INDIUM; IODINE; IRIDIUM; IRON; LEAD; LITHIUM; MAGNESIUM; MANGANESE; MERCURY; MOLYBDENUM; NICKEL; NIOBIUM; OSMIUM; PALLADIUM; PHOSPHORUS; PLATINUM; RARE EARTHS

RHENIUMRHODIUM; RUTHENIUM; SCANDIUM; SELENIUM; SILICON; SILVER; STRONTIUM; TANTALUM; TELLURIUM; THALLIUM; THORIUM; TIN; TITANIUM; TUNGSTEN; URANIUM; VANADIUM; YTTRIUM; ZINC; ZIRCONIUM; REFERENCES; Chapter 6. Scope for future applications and developments; SPECIAL FACILITIES; PULSE NEBULIZATION; SAFETY ASPECTS; ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES; THE NEED FOR A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH; A CAUTIONARY NOTE; Index