1. History -- 2. History of Spinal Instrumentation: The Modern Era -- 3. Differential Diagnosis of Surgical Disorders of the Spine -- 4. Anatomy and Physiology of Congenital Spinal Lesions -- 5. Anatomy and Pathophysiology of Acquired Spinal Lesions -- 6. Neural Injury at the Molecular Level -- 7. Practical Anatomy and Fundamental Biomechanics -- 8. Physical and Neurological Examination -- 9. Spinal Masqueraders -- 10. Pathophysiology of Cervical Myelopathy: Biomechanical Concepts -- 11. Biology of Spine Fusion -- 12. Spine Fusion: Anatomy and Biomechanics of Bone-Bone Interface -- 13. Bone Void Fillers: Bone and Bone Substitutes -- 14. Osteointegration (Osseointegration) -- 15. Materials and Material Properties -- 16. Biomechanical Testing -- 17. Fundamentals of Spine Surgery -- 18. Preoperative and Surgical Planning for Avoiding Complications -- 19. Data Management -- 20. Education and Knowledge-Base Acquisition and Retention -- 21. Occipital Cervical Region -- 22. The Cervical Spine and Cervicothoracic Junction -- 23. Thoracic Spine -- 24. The Lumbar and Sacral Spine -- 25. Upper Cervical and Craniocervical Decompression -- 26. Upper Cervical and Occipitocervical Arthodesis -- 27. Ventral and Ventrolateral Subaxial Decompression -- 28. Single and Multiple-Single Interbody Fusion Techniques -- 29. Threaded Interbody Cage Fixation for Cervical Spondylosis and Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament -- 30. Interbody Strut Techniques -- 31. Interbody Cages -- 32. Cervical Laminotomy, Laminectomy, Laminoplasty, and Foraminotomy -- 33. Interspinous, Laminar, and Facet Fusion -- 34.Combined Ventral-Dorsal Procedure -- 35. Ventral and Ventrolateral Spine Decompression and Fusion -- 36 Lateral Extracavitary Decompression -- 37. Retropleural Approach to the Ventral Thoracic and Thoracolumbar Spine -- 38. Laminotomy, Laminectomy, Laminoplasty, and Foraminotomy -- 39. Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion -- 40. Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion -- 41. Lumbar Interbody Cages -- 42. Dorsal and Lateral Thoracic and Lumbar Fusion -- 43. Trauma Surgery: Occipitocervical Junction -- 44. Trauma Surgery: Cervical Spine -- 45. Trauma Surgery: Thoracic & Thoracolumbar Spine -- 46. Trauma Surgery: Fractures of the Lumbar and Sacral Spine -- 47. Cervical Discectomy -- 48. Thoracic Discectomy -- 49. Lumbar Discectomy -- 50. Percutaneous Approaches to Lumbar Discectomy -- 51. The Black Disc -- 352. Cervical Spondylosis -- 53. Thoracic and Lumbar Spondylosis -- 54. Spondylolisthesis: Sagittal Plane Lumbar Spine Deformity Correction -- 55. Degenerative Rotatory Scoliosis: Coronal Plane Lumbar Spine Deformity Correction -- 56. Rheumatoid Arthritis -- 57. Ankylosing Spondylitis and Related Disorders -- 58. Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament -- 59. ScheuermannŁŒs Disease -- 60. Craniocervical Junction Deformities -- 61. Subaxial Cervical Deformities -- 62. Cervical Facet Dislocations: A Ventral Surgical Strategy for Decompression, Reduction, and Stabilization -- 63. Kyphotic Cervical Deformity Correction -- 64. Thoracic and Lumbar Deformities -- 65. Pediatric Spinal Deformities -- 66. Deformity Correction -- 67. Deformity Surgery: Thoracic and Lumbar -- 68. Ankylosing Spondylitis -- 69. Intramedullary Spinal Cord Lesions -- 70. Intradural Extramedullary Spinal Lesions -- 71. Spinal Intradural Vascular Malformations -- 72. Spinal Dural Vascular Malformations -- 73. Cauda Equina Syndrome -- 74. Primary Bony Spinal Lesions -- 75. Primary Bony Spinal Lesions: Surgery for Cure -- 76. Metastatic Spinal Tumors -- 77. Metabolic Bone Disease -- 78. Foramen Magnum Lesions -- 79. Sacral Lesions -- 80. Tarlov Cysts -- 81. Occult Spinal Dysraphism and Tethered Spinal Cord -- 82. Myelomeningocele and Associated Anomalies -- 83. Anterior Sacral Meningocele -- 84. Chiari Malformation and Syringomyelia -- 85. Chiari Malformations and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Fibromyalgia: A Paradigm for Care -- 86. Evaluation of the Cervical Spine After Trauma -- 87. Revascularization and Scar Prevention: Omental Transposition and Spine Surgery -- 88. Spinal Wound Closure -- 89. Spinal Reoperations -- 90. Penetrating Spinal Cord Injuries -- 91. Vascularized Bone Grafts in Spine Surgery -- 92. Pain and Spasticity -- 93. Bone Graft Harvesting -- 94. Timing of Spine Surgery: Argument for Elective Surgery -- 95. Minimally Invasive Spinal Decompression and Stabilization Techniques I -- 96. Minimally Invasive Spinal Decompression and Stabilization Techniques II -- 97. Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty -- 98. The Obese Patient -- 99. Smoking, the Spine, and Spinal Fusion -- 100. The Geriatric Patient -- 101. Surgery of the Sympathetic Nervous System -- 102. The Value of Surgical Intervention in Spinal Trauma -- 103. Trauma Nonoperative Management -- 104.Complications of Peripheral Nerve Surgery -- 105. Basic Biomechanically Relevant Anatomy -- 106. Spinal Implant Attributes: Distraction, Compression, and Three-Point Bending -- 107. Spinal Implant Attributes: Cantilever Beam Fixation -- 108. Spinal Implant Attributes: Dynamic Spine Fixation -- 109. Biomechanics of Motion Preservation Strategies -- 110. Upper Cervical Screw Fixation Techniques -- 111. High Cervical and Occipitocervical Plate, Rod, Wire, and Bone Techniques -- 112. Ventral Subaxial Cervical Fixation Techniques -- 113. Subsidence and Dynamic Cervical Spine Stabilization -- 114. Ventral and Lateral Thoracic and Lumbar Fixation Techniques -- 115. Dorsal Subaxial Cervical Instrumentation Techniques -- 116. Dorsal Thoracic and Lumbar Screw Fixation and Pedicle Fixation Technique -- 117. Dorsal Thoracic and Lumbar Simple Hook-Rod, Wire and Wire-Rod Techniques -- 118. Dorsal Thoracic and Lumbar Universal Spinal Instrumentation Techniques -- 119. Dorsal Thoracic and Lumbar Combined and Complex Techniques -- 120.Complex Lumbosacropelvic Fixation Techniques -- 121. Iatrogenic Spine Destabilization -- 122. Cervical Spine Construct Design -- 123. Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Construct Design -- 124. Fundamentals of Spine Deformity and Correction -- 124. Artificial Disc Prosthesis for the Cervical Spine -- 125. Artificial Disc -- Lumbar -- 127. Surgical Incisions, Positioning, and Retraction -- 128. Blood Loss -- 129. Imaging: Trauma -- 130. Degenerative Disease and Infection: Role of Imaging -- 131. Preoperative Imaging for Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Surgery -- 132. Postoperative Imaging -- 133. Intraoperative Imaging of the Spine -- 134. Stereotactic Radiosurgery of the Spine -- 135. Somatosensory Evoked Potential for Spine Surgery -- 136. Electronic Diagnostic Studies -- 137. Spine Surgery Monitoring -- 138. Intraoperative Nonparalytic Monitoring -- 139. Anesthesia -- 140. Perioperative Management -- 141. Medical Management of the Patient with Spinal Cord Injury -- 142. Nutritional Care of the Spinal Cord Injured Patient -- 143. Skin and Wound Care -- 144. Medical Management of Adult and Pediatric Spinal Cord Injury -- 145. Spinal Traction -- 146. Orthoses: Complication Prevention and Management -- 147. Athlete with Spinal Injury -- 148. Nonoperative Management of Neck and Back Pain -- 149. Intradiscal Electrothermy Therapy -- 150. Neurologic Complications -- 151. Vascular and Soft-tissue Complications -- 152. Postoperative Spinal Deformation -- 153. Arachnoiditis -- 154. Infectious Complications of Spine Surgery -- 155. Medical Complications -- 156. Cerebrospinal Fluid Fistula and Pseudomeningocele After Spine Surgery -- 157. Nonunion -- 158. Ventral Cervical Compression and Fusion: To Plate or Not To Plate -- Not to Plate -- To Plate -- 159. Cervical Spondylosis with Minimal Myelopathy: To Decompress or Not To Decompress -- To Decompress -- Not to Decompress -- 160. Bilateral Locked Cervical Facets with Incomplete Myelopathy: Open Versus Closed Reduction -- Open Reduction -- Closed Reduction -- 161. Cervical Spine Fusion: Allograft Versus Autograft -- Argument for Allograft -- Argument for Autograft -- 162.

Thoracic and Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures with Ventral Mass Lesion: Ventral Versus Dorsal Operation -- Ventral Decompression and Stabilization -- Dorsal Decompression and Stabilization -- 163Reoperation for Failed Spinal Fusion: Augmentation of Fusion with Spinal Stimulation -- Argument Against Spinal Stimulation -- Argument for Spinal Stimulation -- 164Management of a Patient with Thoracolumbar Fracture with Complete Myelopathy and a 40⁴a Kyphotic Deformity: Operative or Recumbent Management -- Operative Management -- Recumbent Management -- 165. Management of Symptomatic Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression -- Vertebroplasty -- Kyphoplasty -- 166. Management of Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament -- Cervical Laminoplasty: Open Door -- Laminoplasty: French Door -- Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament: Laminectomy -- Smith-Robinson Technique -- Ventral Approach: Open-Window Corpectomy -- 167. Spondylotic Myelopathy with Cervical Kyphotic Deformity -- Ventral Approach -- Dorsal Approach -- Combined Ventral and Dorsal Approach -- 168. Management of Cervical Disc Herniation -- Dorsal Laminoforaminotomy Plus Discectomy -- Ventral Cervical Discectomy without Fusion -- Ventral Cervical Discectomy and Fusion with Allograft and Plating -- Ventral Cervical Discectomy and Fusion with Autograft and without Plating -- Ventral Cervical Discectomy with Artificial Disc -- 169. Ethical and Mediocolegal Aspects of Spine Surgery -- 170. Economics and Practice Management -- 171. The Rationale fro Practice Hygiene: Coding, Reimbursement, and Nomenclature -- 172. Intraoperative Crisis Management in Spine Surgery: What to Do When Things Go Bad.