I. Introduction and Methodology -- Quantivative PCR: an introduction -- Signal Amplification Methods in Molecular Diagnostics -- The Lab-on-a-Chip Approach for Molecular Diagnostics -- Nucleic Extraction and Amplification -- General Procedures -- II. Quality Assurance, Regulatory, and Ethical Issues -- Billing and Reimbursement for Molecular Diagnostics -- Molecular Pathology and Infectious Diseases -- Ethical Considerations in Molecular Diagnostics -- Quality Control, Assurance, Identification and Standards -- III. Genetic Disease -- Molecular Testing for Cystic Fibrosis and CFTR-Related Conditions -- Carrier Testing for Neurogenetic Diseases -- Hemochromatosis -- Standards and Recommendations for Molecular Diagnostic Testing for Huntington Disease, the Autosomal Dominant Spinocerebellar Ataxias, and Friedreich Ataxia -- IV. Cancer -- The Role of Micro-RNAs in Cancer -- Molecular Diagnostics in the Evaluation of Cancer: Modern Concepts and Overview -- Gene Expression Analysis for Tumor Profiling GEA for TP -- Molecular Diagnostics of Hematopoetic Malignancies -- V. Infectious Diseases -- Viruses -- Hepatic B and C Viruses -- Molecular Diagnosis of Cytomegalovirus -- Molecular Detection of Multiple Respiratory Viruses -- Bacteria -- Molecular Methods for Identification and Characterization of Acinetobacter species -- Molecular Detection and Surveillance of Healthcare-Associated Infections -- Molecular Detection Of Group B Streptococcus -- Role of Molecular Techniques in the Epidemiologic Investigation Of Hospital-Acquired Infections -- Human Papilloma Virus and its Role in Cervical Carcinoma -- VI. Specialized Applications of Molecular Testing -- Molecular HLA Typing Methods Used in Clinical Laboratories -- Identification through DNA analysis in criminal and family relatedness investigations -- VII. Pharmacogenetics -- Overview of Pharmacogenomics and Applications for the Modern Clinical Laboratory -- UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 and the Glucuronidation in Oncology Applications and Hyperbilirubinemia -- Pharmacogenetics of P-450 Enzymes -- Pharmacogenomics of Thiopurine Methyl Transferase (TPMT): Importance in Monitoring of Mercaptopurine/Azathioprine Therapy.