Asking and answering research questions -- Research fundamentals : don't fool yourself -- Picturing and describing data -- The normal distribution and sampling -- Confidence intervals and effect sizes -- p values, null hypothesis significance testing, and confidence intervals -- The independent groups design -- The paired design -- Meta-analysis -- Open science and planning research -- Correlation -- Regression -- Frequencies, proportions, and risk -- Extended designs : one independent variable -- Extended designs : two independent variables -- Future directions.