An Introduction to Coloproctology -- A Surgeon for the Pelvic Floor: Dream or Reality? -- Anatomy -- Surgical Anatomy of the Colon, Rectum and Anus -- Topographic Anatomy of the Colon and Rectum: Tips and Tricks in Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery -- Topographic Anatomy in Proctologic Surgery -- Physiology -- Physiology of the Colon -- Physiology of the Rectum and Anus -- Factors Affecting the Intestinal Physiology -- Factors Affecting the Defecation and Anal Continence.-Anal Surgery: Organ and Function Preservation -- Diagnosis -- Patient’s History Data Collection in Coloproctology -- Visiting a Coloproctology Patient: Rules and Suggestions -- Signs and Symptoms in Coloproctology: Data Collection and Scores -- Diagnosis in Coloproctology: From the General Practitioner to the Tertiary Referral Center -- Instruments for the In-Office Diagnosis -- Colonic and Rectal Endoscopy -- Colonic and Rectal Endosonography.-Radiologic Imaging of Colo-Recto-Anal Disfunctions: Procedures and Indications -- Ultrasound of the Colon and Rectum: Procedures and Indications -- Anorectal Manometry -- Electrophysiological Study of the Pelvic Floor -- Integration of Diagnostics in Proctology: Assessment, Choice of Treatment, and Evaluation of Results -- Pathologic Evaluation of Colo-Recto-Anal Samples: Procedures and Clinical Significance.-Specifics and Pitfalls in Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.-Diagnostic Algorithm for Constipation and Obstructed Defecation.