The present stud) attempts to analyse the physical and cultural factors which influence the agricultural growth over space and time; the trend and growth in means of irrigation and irrigation orientation; irrigation intensity; the land use pattern; crop irrigated area; crop diversification; cropping intensity; level of agricultural mechanization; use of chemical fertilizers and HYV seeds; the agricultural productivity and to suggest the measures for overcoming the irrigation problems and better management of irrigation system.

The study region covering an area of 6358 km2 (23°51'22" N to 24°53T6" N latitude and 82°31'55"E to 83°33'45" longitude) has been divided into two distinct physiographic units: (I) The southern Son valley (ii) The Son par uplands. The Southern Son valley incorporating the northern part of Sonbhadra district is exclusively plateau area. The Son par upland consists of the Southern portion of the study area. Geographically this area belongs to the most stable ancient landmass and has been subjected to extensive erosion since its formation. The substantial variation in soil types and natural vegetation has been observed in Sonbhadra district.