This dissertation develops techniques to extract proteins from visceral adipose tissue (VAT), to quantify total protein levels in the VAT, and to quantify specific protein targets in the VAT using commercially available wet chemistry kits. This dissertation further describes the application of these techniques as a research tool for evaluating disease pathogenesis. The author generates protein quantification data using these techniques for a cohort of patients with various stages of obesity and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), and evaluates resultant protein-level data together with tissue gene expression data, histology, and serum biochemical assay data for the cohort to discern potential signaling mediators that may be implicated in inflammation and fibrosis in VAT and in the context of NAFLD. These techniques enable the use of minimal quantities of sample for protein extraction and measurement, and are intended to be a reference and resource for those in the field of translational research. Presented techniques may provide better alternatives for the fields of proteomics, biomarker research, and drug discovery when using human samples.