The purpose of this content analysis was to determine if children of incarcerated parents experienced any long-term effects. Through an extensive literature review six patterns emerged. These themes include (1) poor physical health, (2) high exposure to poverty, (3) behavioral health issues, (4) poor school performance, (5) parental drug use and (6) Race and Ethnicity. Sub-themes emerged form the six thematic patterns including higher risks of depressive symptoms, behavioral conduct disorders or anxiety/panic disorder, risk of developing a respiratory problem (asthma) or migraines, low graduation rates, elevated levels of truancy, dropout and school discipline behaviors, increase rates of parental recidivism and parents are more likely to be recipients of public assistance.

A case vignette was created to showcase these thematic patterns. Micro, mezzo and macro level interventions were utilized in providing treatment. Micro-level interventions will incorporate individual therapy, specifically utilizing the strengths-based approach and abandonment theory and providing psychoeducation. Mezzo-level interventions include therapy for the whole family encompassing family systems theory, self-help groups and peer support. On a macro-level literature will be provided on existing policies connected to the criminal justice system.

Lastly, the limitations of the study, the recommendations for further research, and the implication to social work is discussed.