
Select an Action

Development and Characterization of Cellulose Based Systems for the Entrapment and Delivery of Probiotic Bacteria
Title:
Development and Characterization of Cellulose Based Systems for the Entrapment and Delivery of Probiotic Bacteria
Author:
Singh, Poonam, author.
Personal Author:
Physical Description:
1 electronic resource (208 pages)
General Note:
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-09C.
Abstract:
Probiotics are increasing their popularity in the market, as their health benefits are being progressively recognized by the public. They are already included in some foods and representing global sales above $30 billion. There is, however, a key issue that concerns the scientists: in order to promote their beneficial effects in the host, probiotics must survive the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and should be able of reaching the large intestine to enable colonization. A possible approach to overcome this issue is to entrap the bacteria in suitable matrices, which ideally maintain the bacteria viable and culturable along with other preservation compounds through the GI tract and capable to provide its controlled release. This project mainly aimed at developing biopolymer-based systems to be used in food applications. Food and drug administration (FDA) approved cellulose based derivatives were selected and mixed with different polymers/compounds as additives/emulsifiers/prebiotics to enhance the viability of bacteria, create more stable delivery systems and sustain the different storage conditions as well as maintaining the viability for a minimum of 30 days. Therefore, in this work, novel micro- and macroparticles, based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and chitosan (Cht) (cross-linked or not with genipin), were successfully prepared in aqueous media either by drop-wise addition or via nozzle-spray methods. The crosslinked particles are robust, thermally resistant and less sensitive to pH changes. On the other hand, the physical systems are pH sensitive presenting a remarkable swelling at pH 7.4, while little swelling is observed at pH 2.4. Model probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) were successfully encapsulated in the CMC-Cht based particles with acceptable viability count. In a subsequent step, different cyclodextrins (CDs) were used in the particle formulation and their potential prebiotic effect evaluated. The morphology of the systems depends on the CD used and this may be related to different "host-guest" interactions between the CDs and the CMC-Cht matrix thus affecting the polymer organization and overall particle microstructure. Among the CDs tested, ?-CD was observed to be one of the most efficient molecules to enhance the survival of the cells. In order to improve the developed particles in terms of aggregation and colloidal stability, different food grade compounds were included in the formulations, such as caseinate and soy lecithin. Apart from the micro- and macro particles other methods were used to entrap probiotics such as the formation of water-in-water (W/W) emulsions based on gelatin and CMC. Depending on the conditions, the mixtures can lead to the formation of W/W emulsion droplets and model probiotic bacteria could be successfully entrapped with surprisingly high viability count. Finally, cellulose-based edible films with CMC and HEC (hydroxyethyl cellulose) cross-linked with citric acid (CA) were also developed under mild conditions. Films with tunable mechanical properties and swelling ability could be obtained by varying the HEC/CMC ratio and the amount of CA. It is salient to notice that some of the systems tested can be considered prebiotics since the viability count of model probiotic bacteria, entrapped in CMC-Cht particles, was considerably improved after the incorporation of CDs and gelatin in the formulation. Further studies on the aging and behavior of the particles in simulated gastrointestinal fluids were performed. Particles loaded with caseinate, soy lecithin or cyclodextrins showed an improved viability of LGG even after one month storage at 25 ºC. In most of the cases, matrices were also capable to efficiently protect the cells from the simulated harsh gastric conditions with a remarkable viability in comparison to naked probiotic. The cellulose-based particles developed were also evaluated regarding their effect on an intestinal cell line and the results indicate that the systems are reasonably mild for the cells and thus encouraging for future applications. Overall, all the systems developed in this work could efficiently entrap and preserve viable bacteria thus being promising matrices for food applications. Os probioticos tem visto a sua popularidade no mercado aumentar em grande medida devido ao reconhecimento do publico dos seus efeitos beneficos para a saude. Eles ja sao incluidos em muitos produtos alimentares que representam um total global de vendas de cerca de 30 mil milhoes de dolares. No entanto, existe uma questao central que continua a preocupar os cientistas. Para que os probioticos exercam os seus efeitos beneficos no hospedeiro eles tem que sobreviver as condicoes particularmente adversas do sistema gastrointestinal e atingir o intestino grosso com viabilidade aceitavel para uma colonizacao eficiente. Uma possivel estrategia para ultrapassar os obstaculos impostos pelo trato gastrointestinal reside na protecao dos probioticos em matrizes apropriadas par ao efeito. Idealmente estes sistemas em combinacao com outros compostos serao capazes de manter as bacterias viaveis e cultivaveis ao longo do trato gastrointestinal e promover a sua libertacao no sitio apropriado. Este projeto tem como objetivo principal o desenvolvimento de sistemas baseados em biopolimeros para aplicacoes na area alimentar. Foram selecionados derivados de celulose aprovados pela agencia para os alimentos e medicamentos (FDA) e misturados com outros polimeros e compostos como agentes emulsificantes, prebioticos, ciclodextrinas para aumentar a viabilidade das bacterias probioticas e criar vetores de entrega mais estaveis e capazes de resistir a diferentes condicoes de armazenamento e manter uma viabilidade aceitavel durante pelo menos 30 dias. Tendo isto em consideracao, neste trabalho foram desenvolvidas novas micro e macro particulas a base de carboximetilcelulose (CMC) e quitosano (Cht) (reticuladas ou nao com genipina) em meio aquoso atraves de um procedimento de adicao gota-a-gota ou spray. As particulas reticuladas sao robustas e termicamente resistentes e pouco sensiveis a variacoes de pH. Por outro lado, os sistemas fisicos sao mais sensiveis as variacoes de pH apresentando uma turgescencia assinalavel a pH 7.4 enquanto a turgescencia a pH 2.4 e menosprezavel. Neste trabalho foram encapsuladas bacterias probioticas modelo (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) em particulas de CMC-Cht com viabilidade aceitavel. Numa etapa subsequente, diferentes ciclodextrinas (CDs) foram usadas na formacao das particulas e avaliado o seu eventual efeito prebiotico. A morfologia dos sistemas e fortemente dependente do tipo de CD usado e tal fato pode estar relacionado com as diferentes interacoes "hospedeiro-hospede" entre CDs e a componentes da matriz de CMC-Cht que eventualmente afetam a organizacao dos polimeros e microestrutura das particulas. De entre as CDs testadas, a ?-CD foi aquela que se mostrou mais eficiente no aumento da viabilidade dos probioticos. De forma a melhorar a estabilidade das particulas em termos de minimizar a agregacao, foram usados na formulacao diferentes compostos de qualidade alimentar como caseinato de sodio e lecitina. Para alem da formacao das micro e macro particulas foram desenvolvidos outros sistemas para "aprisionar" os agentes probioticos como emulsoes de agua-em-agua (W/W) a base de CMC e gelatina. Dependendo das condicoes, estas misturas podem levar a formulacao de emulsoes onde e possivel aprisionar de forma satisfatoria e com surpreendente elevada viabilidade as bacterias probioticas modelo. Finalmente foram ainda desenvolvidos filmes comestiveis a base dos derivados de celulose CMC e hidroxietilcelulose (HEC) reticulados com acido citrico. As propriedades mecânicas e de turgescencia podem ser ajustadas dependendo do racio HEC/CMC e concentracao de acido citrico. E importante notar que alguns dos sistemas desenvolvidos comportam-se como prebioticos pois a viabilidade das bacterias probioticas modelo aumentou consideravelmente depois da incorporacao de CDs ou gelatina na formulacao. Foram realizados ainda alguns estudos de envelhecimento e comportamento das particulas em fluidos gastrointestinais artificiais. As particulas com caseinato de sodio, lecitina e CDs demonstraram um melhoramento na viabilidade depois de armazenadas um mes a 25 ºC.
Na maior parte dos casos, as matrizes polimericas desenvolvidas foram capazes de proteger de forma muito satisfatoria as celulas probioticas das condicoes adversas impostas pelos sucos gastricos artificiais resultando em viabilidades assinalaveis em comparacao com as bacterias nao protegidas. As particulas desenvolvidas a base de celulose foram ainda avaliadas tendo em conta o seu impacto numa linha celular intestinal e os resultados indicam que os sistemas sao relativamente inocuos para as celulas intestinais.
Local Note:
School code: 5892
Subject Term:
Added Corporate Author:
Available:*
Shelf Number | Item Barcode | Shelf Location | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| XX(693554.1) | 693554-1001 | Proquest E-Thesis Collection | Searching... |
On Order
Select a list
Make this your default list.
The following items were successfully added.
There was an error while adding the following items. Please try again.
:
Select An Item
Data usage warning: You will receive one text message for each title you selected.
Standard text messaging rates apply.


