This thesis focuses on the characterization of bone with the help of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. Such analysis of the physics and chemistry of biomaterials is vital to resolve problems in life science of bone-related diseases and disorders. Material characterization can help in the understanding of disease mechanisms and lead to useful drugs and other treatments. In this thesis, I have used bone materials produced by groundbreaking research at UT Southwestern Research Center and Texas Scottish Rite Children's Hospital to establish that idiopathic clubfoot (Talipes equinovarus) is associated with the Follistatin 5 gene. We studied healthy wild-type laboratory rats in comparison with genetically modified rats, called knock-out type, in which function of the Follistatin 5 gene was controlled with genetic engineering. We were able to identify significant differences in mineral and matrix composition of bone despite considerable variability in the samples. For mid-diaphysis of bone, matrix content was reduced in the knockout compared to the wild-type, leading to the increased mineral to matrix ratio in the knockout.