Part I. Theoretical introduction. The dilemma of nationalism and internationalism in modern Japan: national interest, Asian brotherhood, international cooperation or world citizenship? / Dick Stegewerns -- Liberal nationalism in imperial Japan: the dilemma of nationalism and internationalism / Kevin M. Doak -- Part II. Case studies: the Meiji and Taishō generations. Constructing national identities: Asia, Japan and Europe in Fukuzawa Yukichi's theory of civilisation / Annette Schad-Seifert -- Tokutomi Sohō and the problem of the nation-state in an imperialist world / Alistair Swale -- Nationalist actors in the internationalist theatre: Nitobe Inazō and Ishii Kikujirō and the League of Nations / Thomas W. Burkman -- Yoshino Sakuzō: the isolated figurehead of the Taishō generation / Dick Stegewerns -- Part III. Case studies: The early Shōwa generation. Rōyama Masamichi's perception of international order from the 1920s to 1930s and the concept of the East Asian community / Kobayashi Hiroharu -- Nationalism and internationalism in Japan's economic liberalism: the case of Ishibashi Tanzan / Kurt W. Radtke -- The relation between national socialism and social democracy in the formation of the international policy of the Shakai Taishūtō / Oikawa Eijirō -- A melancholic nationalism: Yokomitsu Riichi and the aesthetic of cultural mourning / Seiji M. Lippit.