1. The presence of the past : a historical ecology of Basque commons and the French state / Seth Murray -- 2. Local places, global influences : pastoralism in Xiberoa and EU regulation / Meredith Welch-Devine -- 3. Some lessons from history : change and adaptation in the common forests of Navarre, 1900-1935 / Iñaki Iriarte-Goñi -- 4. Social and environmental conflicts in the planning and management of natural resources in the Aragon's Pyrenees : the case of the Los Valles occidentales / Xavier Carbonell -- 5. Highlands and Lowlands : political ecology and territorial conflict / Gaspar Mairal -- 6. Twenty-first century transhumants : social and economic change in the Alta Ribagorça / Ferran Estrada, Eli Nadal, and Juan Ramón Iglesias -- 7. Pastoralism and heritage in the central Pyrenees : symbolic values and social conflicts / Arnauld Chandivert -- 8. Shephers, hydroelectric stations, and ski resorts : the pallars Sobirà landscape / Oriol Beltran and Ismael Vaccaro -- 9. Rusticity, wild flora and fauna patterns, and identity in a valley of Cadí (Alt Urgell) / Joan Frigolé -- 10. Tobacco inthe Pyrenees? The ecological politics of tobacco in Andorra, a micro-state in a global market / Dolors Comas d'Argemir -- 11. Localism as nationalism in the Eastern Pyrenees / Eric P. Perramond -- 12. Management of environment and landscapes in mountain areas : social representations, actors, and institutions in a regional national park / Pierre Dérioz -- 13. Landscape management and evolution : the Montseny Natural Park / Xavier Roigé and Ferran Estrada.