Trophic cascades : what they are, how they work, and why they matter / John Terborgh, Robert D. Holt, and James A. Estes -- Food chain dynamics and trophic cascades in intertidal habitats / Robert T. Paine -- Some effects of apex predators in higher-latitude coastal oceans / James A .Estes, Charles H. Peterson, and Robert S. Steneck -- Trophic cascades in lakes : lessons and prospects / Stephen R. Carpenter ... [et al.] -- Prey release, trophic cascades, and phase shifts in tropical nearshore ecosystems / Stuart A. Sandin, Sheila M. Walsh, and Jeremy B.C. Jackson -- Trophic cascades in open ocean ecosystems / Tim Essington -- The role of herbivores in terrestrial trophic cascades / Robert J. Marquis -- Propagation of trophic cascades via multiple pathways in tropical forests / John Terborgh and Kenneth Feeley -- Large predators, deer, and trophic cascades in boreal and temperate ecosystems / William J. Ripple, Thomas P. Rooney, and Robert L. Beschta -- Islands as tests of the green world hypothesis / Lauri Oksanen ... [et al.] -- Trophic cascades on islands / Thomas W. Schoener and David A. Spiller -- Trophic cascades, aboveground-belowground linkages, and ecosystem functioning / David A. Wardle -- Ecological and conservation implications of mesopredator release / Justin S. Brashares ... [et al.] -- Fear-mediated food webs / Joel Berger -- Trophic cascades in African savanna : Serengeti as a case study / A.R.E. Sinclair ... [et al.] -- Consumer control by megafauna and fire / William Bond -- Alternative states in ecosystems / Marten Scheffer -- Theoretical perspectives on trophic cascades : current trends and future directions / Robert D. Holt, Ricardo M. Holdo, and F.J. Frank van Veen -- Comparing trophic cascades across ecosystems / Jonathan B. Shurin, Russell W. Markel, and Blake Matthews -- Conservation relevance of ecological cascades / Michael E. Soulé -- Conclusion : our trophically degraded planet / John Terborgh and James A. Estes.