Front Cover -- Switching Power Supplies A-Z -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1 The Principles of Switching Power Conversion -- Introduction -- Overview and Basic Terminology -- Efficiency -- Linear Regulators -- Achieving High Efficiency through Switching -- Basic Types of Semiconductor Switches -- Semiconductor Switches Are Not "Perfect" -- Achieving High Efficiency through the Use of Reactive Components -- Early RC-Based Switching Regulators -- LC-Based Switching Regulators -- The Role of Parasitics -- Switching at High Frequencies -- Reliability, Life, and Thermal Management -- Stress Derating -- Advances in Technology -- Understanding the Inductor -- Capacitors/Inductors and Voltage/Current -- The Inductor and Capacitor Charging/Discharging Circuits -- The Law of Conservation of Energy -- The Charging Phase and the Concept of Induced Voltage -- The Effect of the Series Resistance on the Time Constant -- The Inductor Charging Circuit with R = 0 and the "Inductor Equation" -- The Duality Principle -- The "Capacitor Equation" -- The Inductor Discharge Phase -- Flyback Energy and Freewheeling Current -- Current Must Be Continuous, Its Slope Need Not Be -- The Voltage Reversal Phenomenon -- A Steady State in Power Conversion and the Different Operating Modes -- The Voltseconds Law, Inductor Reset and Converter Duty Cycle -- Using and Protecting Semiconductor Switches -- Evolution of Switching Topologies -- Controlling the Induced Voltage Spike by Diversion through a Diode -- Achieving a Steady State and Deriving Useful Energy -- The Buck-Boost Converter -- Ground-Referencing Our Circuits -- The Buck-Boost Configurations -- The Switching Node -- Analyzing the Buck-Boost -- Properties of the Buck-Boost -- Why Three Basic Topologies Only? -- The Boost Topology -- The Buck Topology -- Advanced Converter Design.

2 DC-DC Converter Design and Magnetics -- DC Transfer Functions -- The DC Level and the "Swing" of the Inductor Current Waveform -- Defining the AC, DC, and Peak Currents -- Understanding the AC, DC, and Peak Currents -- Defining the "Worst-Case" Input Voltage -- The Current Ripple Ratio "r" -- Relating r to the Inductance -- The Optimum Value of r -- Do We Mean Inductor? or Inductance? -- How Inductance and Inductor Size Depend on Frequency -- How Inductance and Inductor Size Depend on Load Current -- How Vendors Specify the Current Rating of an Off-the-shelf Inductor and How to Select It -- What Is the Inductor Current Rating We Need to Consider for a Given Application? -- The Spread and Tolerance of the Current Limit -- Worked Example (1) -- Current Limit Considerations in Setting r -- Continuous Conduction Mode Considerations in Fixing r -- Setting r to Values Higher than 0.4 when Using Low-ESR Capacitors -- Setting r to Avoid Device "Eccentricities" -- Setting r to Avoid Subharmonic Oscillations -- Quick Selection of Inductors Using "L×I" and "Load Scaling" Rules -- Worked Examples (2, 3, and 4) -- The Current Ripple Ratio r in Forced Continuous Conduction Mode ("FCCM") -- Basic Magnetic Definitions -- Worked Example (5) - When Not to Increase the Number of Turns -- The "Field Ripple Ratio" -- The Voltage-Dependent Equation in Terms of Voltseconds (MKS Units) -- CGS Units -- The Voltage-Dependent Equation in Terms of Voltseconds (CGS Units) -- Core Loss -- Worked Example (6) - Characterizing an Off-the-Shelf Inductor in a Specific Application -- Estimating Requirements -- Current Ripple Ratio -- Peak Current -- Flux Density -- Copper Loss -- Core Loss -- DC-DC Converter Design and Magnetics -- Temperature Rise -- Calculating "Other" Worst-case Stresses and their Selection Criteria -- Worst-case Core Loss -- Worst-case Diode Dissipation.

Note that the General Diode Selection Procedure is as Follows -- Worst-case Switch Dissipation -- Note that the General Switch Selection Procedure is as Follows -- Worst-case Output Capacitor Dissipation -- Note that the General Output Capacitor Selection Procedure is as Follows -- Worst-case Input Capacitor Dissipation -- Note that the General Input Capacitor Selection Procedure is as Follows -- 3 Off-Line Converter Design and Magnetics -- Flyback Converter Magnetics -- Polarity of Windings in a Transformer -- Transformer Action in a Flyback and Its Duty Cycle -- The Equivalent Buck-Boost Models -- The Current Ripple Ratio for the Flyback -- The Leakage Inductance -- Zener Clamp Dissipation -- Secondary-Side Leakages also Affect the Primary Side -- Measuring the Effective Primary-side Leakage Inductance -- Worked Example (7) - Designing the Flyback Transformer -- Fixing the VOR and Vz -- Turns Ratio -- Maximum Duty Cycle (theoretical) -- Effective Load Current on Primary and Secondary Sides -- Duty Cycle -- Actual Center of Primary and Secondary Current Ramps -- Peak Switch Current -- Voltseconds -- Primary-Side Inductance -- Selecting the Core -- Number of Turns -- Actual B-Field -- Air Gap -- Selecting the Wire Gauge and Foil Thickness -- Forward Converter Magnetics -- Duty Cycle -- Worst-Case Input Voltage End -- Window Utilization -- Relating Core Size to Its Power Throughput -- Worked Example (8) - Designing the Forward Transformer -- Input Power -- Selection of Core -- Skin Depth -- Thermal Resistance -- Maximum B-Field -- Voltµseconds -- Number of Turns -- Secondary Foil Thickness and Losses -- Primary Winding and Losses -- First Iteration -- Second Iteration -- Third Iteration -- Fourth Iteration -- Total Transformer Losses -- 4 The Topology FAQ -- Questions and Answers -- 5 Advanced Magnetics: Optimal Core Selection.

Part 1: Energy Transfer Principles -- Overview of Topologies -- The Energy Transfer Charts -- Peak Energy Storage Requirements -- Calculating Inductance Based on Desired Current Ripple -- Part 2: Energy to Core Sizes -- Magnetic Circuits and the Effective Length of Gapped Cores -- Stored Energy in Gapped Cores and the z-Factor -- Energy of a Gapped Core in Terms of the Volume of the Core -- Part 3: Toroids to E-Cores -- Part 4: More on AC-DC Flyback Transformer Design -- Part 5: More on AC-DC Forward Converter Transformer Design -- 6 Component Ratings, Stresses, Reliability, and Life -- Introduction -- Stresses and Derating -- Part 1: Ratings and Derating in Power Converter Applications -- Operating Environments -- Component Ratings and Stress Factors in Power Supplies -- Diodes -- MOSFETs -- Capacitors -- PCB -- Mechanical Stresses -- Part 2: MTBF, Failure Rate, Warranty Costs, and Life -- MTBF -- Warranty Costs -- Life Expectancy and Failure Criteria -- Reliability Prediction Methods -- Demonstrated Reliability Testing (DRT) -- Accelerated Life Testing -- Part 3: Life Prediction of Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors -- 7 Optimal Power Components Selection -- Overview -- The Key Stresses in Power Converters -- Waveforms and Peak Voltage Stresses for Different Topologies -- The Importance of RMS and Average Currents -- Calculation of RMS and Average Currents for Diode, FET, and Inductor -- Calculation of RMS and Average Currents for Capacitors -- The Stress Spiders -- Stress Reduction in AC-DC Converters -- RCD Clamps versus RCD Snubbers -- 8 Conduction and Switching Losses -- Switching a Resistive Load -- Switching an Inductive Load -- Switching Losses and Conduction Loss -- A Simplified Model of the MOSFET for Studying Inductive Switching Losses -- The Parasitic Capacitances Expressed in an Alternate System -- Gate Threshold Voltage.

The Turn-On Transition -- The Turn-Off Transition -- Gate Charge Factors -- Worked Example -- Turn-On -- Turn-Off -- Applying the Switching Loss Analysis to Switching Topologies -- Worst-Case Input Voltage for Switching Losses -- How Switching Losses Vary with the Parasitic Capacitances -- Optimizing Driver Capability vis-à-vis MOSFET Characteristics -- 9 Discovering New Topologies -- Part 1: Fixed-Frequency Synchronous Buck Topology -- Using a FET (Safely) Instead of Diode -- Birth of Dead Time -- CdV/dt-Induced Turn-On -- Counting on the Body-Diode -- External (Paralleled) Schottky Diode -- Synchronous (Complementary) Drive -- Part 2: Fixed-Frequency Synchronous Boost Topology -- Part 3: Current-Sensing Categories and General Techniques -- DCR Sensing -- The Inductorless Buck Cell -- Lossless Droop Regulation and Dynamic Voltage Positioning -- Part 4: The Four-Switch Buck-Boost -- Part 5: Auxiliary Rails and Composite Topologies -- Is It a Boost or Is It a Buck-Boost? -- Understanding the Cuk, Sepic, and Zeta Topologies -- Generating the Current Waveforms of the Cuk, Sepic, and Zeta Converters -- Stresses in the Cuk, Sepic, and Zeta Topologies and Component Selection Criteria -- Part 6: Configurations and "Topology Morphology" -- Part 7: Other Topologies and Techniques -- Hidden Auxiliary Rails and Symmetry -- Multiple Outputs and the Floating Buck Regulator -- Hysteretic Controllers -- Pulse-Skipping Mode -- Achieving Transformer Reset in Forward Converters -- 10 Printed Circuit Board Layout -- Introduction -- Trace Section Analysis -- Some Points to Keep in Mind During Layout -- Thermal Management Concerns -- 11 Thermal Management -- Thermal Resistance and Board Construction -- Historical Definitions -- Empirical Equations for Natural Convection -- Comparing the Two Standard Empirical Equations -- "h" from Thermodynamic Theory.

PCB Copper Area Estimate.