Front Cover -- Energy from Toxic Organic Waste for Heat and Power Generation -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Introduction to Energy From Toxic Organic Waste For Heat and Power Generation -- Chapter 2: Toxic Waste From Municipality -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Methods of Energy Recovery From Wastes -- 2.2.1 Thermal Conversions -- 2.2.1.1 Incineration -- 2.2.1.2 Pyrolysis -- 2.2.1.3 Gasification -- 2.2.2 Biochemical Conversion -- 2.3 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Energy Extraction From Toxic Waste Originating From Food Processing Industries -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Properties of Food Processing Waste -- 3.3 Food Waste and Its Associated Problem -- 3.4 Food Waste Within the Food-Energy-Water Nexus: A Proposed Conceptual Model -- 3.5 Reducing Food Waste: A Problem of Human Behavior -- 3.5.1 Composting -- 3.5.2 Landfill -- 3.5.3 Anaerobic Digestion -- 3.5.3.1 Biogas From Biomass, a Feasibility Issue -- 3.5.3.2 Factors That Influence Biogas Production -- Temperature -- Pretreatment -- C/N Ratio -- pH -- Hydraulic Retention Time -- Solid Concentration -- Agitation -- Seeding of the Biogas Plant -- Particle Size of Feedstock -- Use of Additives -- Microbial Strains -- Green Biomass Addition With Feedstock -- Digested Slurry Recycling: -- 3.5.4 Thermal Conversion of Food Waste -- 3.5.4.1 Pyrolysis -- Pyrolysis Mechanism -- Conventional Pyrolysis: -- Fast Pyrolysis: -- Flash Pyrolysis: -- 3.5.4.2 Gasification -- 3.6 Conclusions -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 4: Toxic Waste From Textile Industries -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Global Textile Scenario -- 4.3 Pollution in Textile Industry -- 4.4 Toxic or Hazardous Wastes -- 4.5 Contaminated Textile Effluents With Chemicals -- 4.6 Chlorinated Solvents -- 4.7 Hydrocarbon Solvents-Aliphatic Hydrocarbons.

4.8 Hydrocarbon Solvents-Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- 4.9 Oxygenated Solvents (Alcohols/Glycols/Ethers/Esters/Ketones/Aldehydes) -- 4.10 Grease and Oil Impregnated Wastes -- 4.11 Used Oils -- 4.12 Dyestuffs and Pigments Containing Dangerous Substances -- 4.13 Heat and Energy Generation From Textile Industry Waste -- 4.14 Microbial Fuel Cells -- 4.15 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Toxic Waste From Leather Industries -- 5.1 Leather Industry -- 5.2 Leather Production Processes -- 5.3 Pollution From Leather Industry -- 5.3.1 Waste Water -- 5.3.2 Solid Wastes -- 5.3.3 Volatile Organic Compounds -- 5.4 Toxic Chemicals Used in Leather Industry -- 5.5 Heat and Energy Generation From Leather Processing Waste -- 5.5.1 UASB Technology With Sulfur Recovery Plant -- 5.5.2 Biomethanation for Solid Waste Disposal -- References -- Chapter 6: Toxic Waste From Biodiesel Production Industries and Its Utilization -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Biodiesel Production -- 6.2.1 Raw Materials for Biodiesel Production -- 6.2.1.1 Plant Oils (Edible) -- 6.2.1.2 Plant Oils (Nonedible) -- 6.2.1.3 Used Edible Oils -- 6.2.1.4 Microalgae -- 6.2.1.5 Animal Fats -- 6.2.2 Biodiesel Production Methods -- 6.2.2.1 Pyrolysis -- 6.2.2.2 Dilution -- 6.2.2.3 Microemulsification -- 6.2.2.4 Transesterification -- 6.3 Waste From Biodiesel Production -- 6.3.1 Waste Water -- 6.3.2 Ion Exchange Resins -- 6.3.3 Magnesium Silicate (Magnesol) -- 6.3.4 Used Oil Sediment -- 6.3.5 Glycerin -- 6.4 Utilization of Waste From Biodiesel Production -- 6.5 Conclusions -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 7: Paper Industry Wastes and Energy Generation From Wastes -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Paper Making -- 7.2.1 Worldwide Paper Production -- 7.3 Wastes -- 7.3.1 Categories of Potential Pollutants -- 7.3.2 Sources of Waste Generation.

7.4 Production of Energy Products From Paper Mill Wastes -- 7.4.1 Incineration -- 7.4.2 Gasification -- 7.4.3 Pyrolysis -- 7.4.4 Anaerobic Digestion -- 7.4.5 Biodiesel -- 7.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Health Hazards of Medical Waste and its Disposal -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Fundamental Principles of a Waste Management Program -- 8.2.1 Duties of the Hospital Project Manager -- 8.2.2 Duties of the Water and Habitat Engineer -- 8.2.3 Duties of the Hospital Administrator -- 8.2.4 Duties of the Head Nurse -- 8.2.5 Duties of the Chief Pharmacist -- 8.2.6 Duties of the Head of Laboratory -- 8.3 Categories of Health-Care Waste -- 8.3.1 Major Sources (Hospitals and Medical Centers) -- 8.3.2 Methods to Sort Waste -- 8.3.3 Types of Waste -- 8.3.4 Types of Hazards -- 8.4 Minimization, Recycling -- 8.5 Minimum Approach to Overall Management of Health-Care Waste -- 8.5.1 Health Impacts of Health-Care Waste -- 8.5.1.1 Types of Hazards -- 8.5.1.2 Persons at Risk -- 8.5.2 Key Facts -- 8.5.3 Health Risks -- 8.5.4 Sharps-Related -- 8.5.5 Environmental Impact -- 8.5.6 Waste Management: Reasons for Failure -- 8.5.7 Treatment Alternatives for Infectious Medical Waste -- 8.5.8 Collection and Storage -- 8.5.9 Transport -- 8.6 The Way Forward -- 8.6.1 WHO's Response -- 8.7 Parameters to Be Monitored by the Waste-Management Officer -- 8.7.1 Duties and Responsibilities of Various Officials -- 8.7.1.1 Infection-Control Officer -- 8.7.1.2 Chief Pharmacist -- 8.7.1.3 Adiation Officer -- 8.7.1.4 Supply Officer -- 8.7.1.5 Hospital Engineer -- 8.8 Financial Aspects of Health-Care Waste Management -- 8.9 National Plans for Health-Care Waste Management -- 8.9.1 Purpose of a National Management Plan -- 8.9.2 Treatment Alternatives -- 8.9.3 International Recommendations for Waste Management -- Further Reading.

Chapter 9: Hazardous Waste and Its Treatment Process -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Hazardous Wastes Management in India -- 9.3 Hazardous Waste: Identification and Classification -- 9.3.1 Identification -- 9.3.1.1 Listed Hazardous Wastes (Priority Chemicals) -- Characteristics of Hazardous Wastes -- 9.3.2 Classification -- 9.4 Hazardous Waste Treatment -- 9.4.1 Chemical and Physical Process -- 9.4.2 Thermal Process -- 9.4.3 Biochemical Process -- References -- Chapter 10: Cracking of Toxic Waste -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Toxic Waste Worldwide-Status -- 10.3 Toxic Waste: Identification and Classification -- 10.3.1 Properties of Toxic Waste -- 10.3.1.1 Reactive Wastes -- 10.3.1.2 Ignitable Wastes -- 10.3.1.3 Corrosive Wastes -- 10.3.2 Classification -- 10.3.2.1 Arsenic -- 10.3.2.2 Asbestos -- 10.3.2.3 Chromium -- 10.3.2.4 Cyanide -- 10.3.2.5 Lead -- 10.3.2.6 Cadmium -- 10.3.2.7 Mercury -- 10.3.2.8 Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- 10.3.2.9 Persistent Organic Pollutants -- 10.4 Cracking of Toxic Waste -- 10.4.1 Methods -- 10.4.1.1 Arsenic -- 10.4.1.2 Asbestos Disposal -- 10.4.1.3 Chromium Disposal -- 10.4.1.4 Cyanide Disposal -- First Stage -- Second Stage -- 10.4.1.5 Lead -- 10.4.1.6 Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- 10.4.1.7 Persistent Organic Pollutants -- 10.5 Other Methods -- 10.5.1 Pyrolysis and Catalytic Cracking -- 10.5.1.1 Pyrolysis -- 10.5.1.2 Co-pyrolysis -- 10.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11: Power Generation From Renewable Energy Sources Derived From Biodiesel and Low Energy Content Producer Gas for ... -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.1.1 Renewable Energy in India -- 11.1.2 Current Status, Challenges, and Opportunities -- 11.1.3 Projected MSW Profile -- 11.2 Present Work -- 11.3 Development of Reactor Shell for LDPE -- 11.3.1 Production of Fuel Oil.

11.4 Down Draft Gasifier for Production of Producer Gas -- 11.5 Properties of HOME, Fuel Oil, and Producer Gas -- 11.6 Experimental Setup -- 11.6.1 Carburetor or Mixing Chamber for Air and Producer Gas -- 11.7 Results and Discussions -- 11.7.1 Production of Fuel Oil From LDPE -- 11.7.1.1 Effect of Temperature on Thermal Conversion -- 11.7.1.2 Effect of Temperature on Catalytic Conversion -- 11.7.1.3 Effect of Catalyst Fraction -- 11.7.1.4 Effect of Conversion Time -- 11.8 Performance, Combustion, and Emission Characteristics of Dual Fuel Engine -- 11.8.1 Performance Characteristics -- 11.8.2 Emission Characteristics -- 11.8.3 Combustion Characteristics -- 11.9 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 12: Economic Factors for Toxic Waste Management -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Waste and Its Management for Economic Growth -- 12.2.1 Toxic Waste Management -- 12.3 Economic Assessment -- 12.4 Urbanization Environmental Degradation and Economic Growth -- 12.5 Energy From the Waste -- 12.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13: Comprehensive Remark on Waste to Energy and Waste Disposal Problems -- Index -- Back Cover.