Front Cover -- Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegeneration and Peripheral Neuropathies -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter One: Mitochondriopathy: The unifying concept in distal neuropathies? -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Mitochondriopathy in peripheral neuropathy: Overview -- 2.1. Endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria -- 3. Recent basic science contributions to understanding and treatment of peripheral neuropathy -- 4. Autonomic nervous system: Diabetes and aging in rodents -- 5. Synopses of the chapters -- 5.1. Chapter 2 -- 5.2. Chapter 3 -- 5.3. Chapter 4 -- 5.4. Chapter 5 -- 5.5. Chapter 6 -- 5.6. Chapter 7 -- 5.7. Chapter 8 -- References -- Chapter Two: Dysfunction of mitochondria: Implications for Alzheimerś disease -- 1. What is Alzheimerś disease? -- 2. Mitochondrial cascade -- 3. Mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction -- 3.1. Amyloid β -- 3.2. Complex IV -- 3.3. Oxidative stress -- 3.4. Glycolysis -- 3.5. CypD and mPTP -- 3.6. mtDNA mutations -- 3.7. Mitochondrial dynamics -- 4. Mitochondrial medicine in Alzheimerś disease -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter Three: HIV in the cART era and the mitochondrial: immune interface in the CNS -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. HIV neuropathogenesis in pre- and post-cART eras -- 1.2. HAND clinical features -- 1.3. Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurological disorders -- 1.3.1. Mitochondrial alterations in HIV+ brains from the cART era -- 2. HIV proteins and mitochondrial dysfunction in the CNS -- 2.1. Gp120 -- 2.1.1. Gp120 and mitochondrial dynamics -- 2.1.2. Gp120 and mitophagy -- 2.1.3. Gp120 effects on Ca signaling and apoptosis -- 2.2. Tat -- 2.2.1. Tat and mitochondrial dynamics -- 2.2.2. Tat and mitophagy -- 2.2.3. Tat effects on Ca signaling and apoptosis -- 2.3. Vpr and Nef -- 2.3.1. Vpr and mitochondrial dynamics.

2.3.2. Vpr effects on Ca and apoptosis -- 2.3.3. Nef effects on apoptosis -- 2.4. HIV proteins and mitochondrial mediated oxidative stress -- 2.5. HIV proteins and immunometabolism -- 3. cART and mitochondrial dysfunction in the CNS -- 3.1. Post-cART era human studies -- 3.1.1. Pharmacogenetics of cART and mitochondrial dysfunction -- 3.2. cART induces mitochondrial toxicity using in vitro models -- 4. Preventing HIV-induced mitochondrial toxicity -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter Four: Mitochondrial dysfunction in HIV-induced peripheral neuropathy -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Mitochondrial abnormalities in HIV peripheral neuropathy -- 2.1. Treatment related mitochondrial toxicity -- 2.2. HIV viral products and mitochondrial dysfunction -- 2.2.1. Gp120 -- 2.2.2. Apoptosis and axonal degeneration -- 2.2.3. mtDNA damage -- 2.2.4. Axonal transport -- 2.2.5. Calcium homeostasis -- 2.2.6. Gp120 and neuropathic pain -- 2.2.7. Other viral proteins -- 3. mtDNA variation and HIV-SN -- 4. Mitochondrial fusion and fission -- 5. Future directions -- References -- Chapter Five: Mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Accumulation of chemotherapeutic drug in the peripheral nervous system -- 1.2. Time course and current treatment for CIPN -- 1.3. Clinical evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy -- 2. Nature of mitochondrial dysfunction evoked by chemotherapy -- 2.1. Morphological changes in neuronal mitochondria following chemotherapy -- 2.2. Chemotherapy-evoked changes in bioenergetics -- 2.3. Uncontrolled reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation -- 3. Counteracting mitochondrial dysfunction via pharmacological interventions -- 3.1. Known mitochondrial modulators -- 3.2. ROS scavengers.

3.3. Other compounds reported to ameliorate mitotoxicity in CIPN -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter Six: Disorders of mitochondrial dynamics in peripheral neuropathy: Clues from hereditary neuropathy and diabetes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Mitochondrial dynamics -- 2.1. Neurons rely on mitochondrial dynamics -- 2.2. Mitochondrial bioenergetics -- 2.3. Mitochondrial morphology, fission, and fusion -- 2.4. ER-mitochondrial interactions regulate mitochondrial dynamics -- 2.5. Mitochondrial trafficking and motor proteins -- 3. Mitochondrial dynamics in disease -- 3.1. CMT, hereditary motor neuropathies, and hereditary sensory neuropathies -- 3.1.1. CMT mutations in genes that regulate mitochondrial bioenergetics -- 3.1.2. CMT mutations in genes that regulate mitochondrial morphology, fission, and fusion -- 3.1.3. CMT mutations in genes that regulate MAMs -- 3.1.4. CMT mutations in genes that regulate mitochondrial trafficking -- 3.2. Other hereditary neuropathies -- 3.3. Neuropathy associated with diabetes and prediabetes -- 4. Regulation of mitochondrial dynamics by glucose -- 4.1. Hyperglycemia compromises DRG neuron bioenergetics -- 4.2. Hyperglycemia induces aberrant mitochondrial fission in DRG axons -- 4.3. Potential for hyperglycemia to regulate ER-mitochondrial interactions in DRG neurons -- 4.4. Hyperglycemia has no effect on mitochondrial trafficking in DRG axons -- 5. Regulation of mitochondrial dynamics by dyslipidemia -- 5.1. Dyslipidemia and neuropathy -- 5.2. Dyslipidemia and mitochondrial bioenergetics -- 5.3. Dyslipidemia and fusion and fission dynamics -- 5.4. Dyslipidemia and ER-mitochondrial interactions -- 5.5. Dyslipidemia and axonal mitochondrial trafficking -- 6. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References.

Chapter Seven: Role of mitochondria in diabetic peripheral neuropathy: Influencing the NAD+-dependent SIRT1-PGC-1α-TFAM pa ... -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Mitochondrial hypothesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy -- 3. Control of mitochondrial biogenesis: The SIRT1-PGC-1α-TFAM axis -- 4. PGC1-α in neuropathy: Effect on diabetes and lipid metabolism -- 5. Neuropathy is more severe in diabetic PGC-1α knockout mice -- 6. Effect of PGC-1α knockout on mitochondrial function in diabetic neuropathy -- 7. TFAM and mtDNA: Transcription, replication, and protection -- 8. Overexpression of human TFAM protects against DPN -- 9. Administration of the mGluR 2/3 agonist, LY379268, protects against DPN -- 10. Role of NAD analogues in DPN -- 11. The choice of NAD precursor is critical -- 12. SIRT1 and DPN -- 13. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter Eight: Dichloroacetate-induced peripheral neuropathy -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Dichloroacetate pharmacokinetics and metabolism -- 3. Dichloroacetate pharmacodynamics and clinical utility -- 4. Dichloroacetate toxicity and neuropathy -- 4.1. Environmental toxin -- 4.2. Drug-induced peripheral neuropathy -- 4.3. Animal models of DCA-induced neuropathy -- 4.3.1. CNS pathology -- 4.3.2. Axonal pathology -- 4.3.3. Pain -- 4.3.4. Sensory loss -- 4.4. Mechanisms of dichloroacetate-induced neuropathy -- 5. Future avenues of potential research -- 6. Summary -- References -- Further reading -- Back Cover.