Technology is ubiquitous and takes many forms. Digital media consumption (e.g., television, video games, etc.) has increased significantly in its prevalence in our lives as well as in social acceptability. However, it has also been consistently implicated in poorer health outcomes. The extent to which cognitive functions are adversely affected by digital media use is unclear. Working memory performance is a construct that describes one's ability to mentally hold and manipulate information, which is important for many daily tasks. Previous theoretical and experimental research has posited that there are stages of development in working memory, correlated with brain maturation. Development is largely based in attention, supported by verbal and visuospatial skills, and ultimately overseen by executive control. The present research was undertaken to determine whether digital media consumption is associated with lower working memory skills. This research does not exist in a pure form, although extrapolations were made from an in-depth analysis of 13 studies. Available literature investigated base processes (e.g., attention, language), parallel processes (e.g., visuospatial integration/construction, general cognitive functioning) and higher-order processes (e.g., executive functions such as inhibition, planning, and behavioral control). Twelve of thirteen identified studies supported the hypothesis that cognitive functions are negatively associated with digital media exposure, while the other did not find any relationship after controlling for SES. One study found, in addition to several inverse relationships, variable positive relationships depending on demographic variables. SES and other risk factors moderated the reported results, when such data were collected. Implications for education, neurocognitive rehabilitation, and parenting are discussed.