The Relation of Scientific Attitudes to Traits, Abilities, and Interests
Başlık:
The Relation of Scientific Attitudes to Traits, Abilities, and Interests
Yazar:
French, Jason A., author.
ISBN:
9780438117235
Yazar Ek Girişi:
Fiziksel Tanımlama:
1 electronic resource (160 pages)
Genel Not:
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-11(E), Section: B.
Advisors: William Revelle Committee members: Dan Mroczek; Karl S. Rosengren; David Uttal.
Özet:
Investigating differences between scientists and other chosen occupations dates back to Galton's (1887) study on scientific eminence. However, many of the available assessments for investigating differences in scientific attitudes have failed to incorporate literature on individual differences and have not survived psychometric evaluation. The result is that incorporating scientific attitudes into differential psychology remains a challenge and continues to be a barrier in collaboration between qualitative and quantitative disciplines.
The purpose of this research was to propose and validate a framework for assessing and understanding individual differences in attitudes about science. In addition to developing and validating a revised assessment of scientific attitudes, this work incorporates research on personality traits, cognitive ability, and motivational interests (i.e., TAI) in order to provide integration with various approaches in differential psychology. The result is a framework for assessing scientific attitudes that can enable collaboration between education sciences, cognitive psychologists, and differential psychologists and additionally serve as a basis for further research on the role of traits, abilities, and interests in developing and predicting interest in science.
In Chapter 2, we examined the psychometric properties of the SAI-II using factor analysis and item response theory. Study 1 (N = 301, 134 men) supported a 4-factor structure in which many items had good discrimination and high item information values. The proposed measure of scientific attitudes, the SAI-III, was derived from iterative factor analyses in Chapter 2 conducted on items from the SAI-II and can be scored as 4 separate scales. It is argued that the SAI-III scales can be integrated into existing constructs of personality, ability, and interests and provide incremental information over the existing constructs. Study 2 (N = 2,324, 808 men) replicated the structure of Study 1 and examined its structural validity using a diverse online sample. Our results suggest interpreting scientific attitudes as a multidimensional construct using the scales of Interest in Science, Understanding of Science, Science Leads to Answers, and Openness to Science. In Chapter 3, concurrent and convergent validity of the proposed SAI-III scales was established using assessments for personality traits, cognitive ability, and vocational interests. Meaningful correlations were found for Openness-Intellect as well as all domains of cognitive ability as measured by the International Cognitive Ability Resource. Chapter 4 then concludes by using a large national sample collected by Project TALENT to examine associations of temperament, ability, and interests with scientific attitudes as measured by the Project TALENT INVENTORY. Results partially replicate the patterns of associations of ability and temperament between the SAI-III and measures of TAI, although the magnitudes of the patterns differ between samples. Differences between samples could indicate that temperament guides interest in science throughout high school, whereas ability plays a larger role in adulthood. Taken together, this work proposes a framework for understanding scientific attitudes embedded in differential psychology and provides a public-domain measure of assessing scientific attitudes that can serve as an initial framework across disciplines of education science and psychology.
Notlar:
School code: 0163
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Yer Numarası | Demirbaş Numarası | Shelf Location | Lokasyon / Statüsü / İade Tarihi |
---|---|---|---|
XX(693707.1) | 693707-1001 | Proquest E-Tez Koleksiyonu | Arıyor... |
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