Pre-Darwinian Views on Facial Expression -- Darwin's Anti-Darwinism in Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals -- Facial Expression and the Methods of Contemporary Evolutionary Research -- Mechanisms for the Evolution of facial Expressions Facial Harware -- Facial Reflexes and the Ontogeny of Facial Displays -- Emotions versus Behavioral Ecology Views of Facial Expression: The State of the Evidence -- Introduction Cross- Cultural Studies of Facial Expressions of Emotion -- Is There Universal Recognition of Emotion from Facial Expression? -- How Do We Account for Both Universal and Regional Variations in Facial Expressions of Emotions? -- Facial Paralanguage and Gesture -- Epliogue: The Study of facial Displays-Where Do We go from Here.