Front Cover; Rare Earth Element Geochemistry; Copyright Page; PREFACE; LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS; SYMBOLS; Table of Contents; CHAPTER 1. GENERAL GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND ABUNDANCES OF THERARE EARTH ELEMENTS; 1.1. Introduction; 1.2. Abundances in the solar system, Sun and Earth; 1.3. Data presentation; 1.4. Oxidation states; 1.5. Element co-ordination and ionic radii; 1.6. Element substitution and partition; 1.7. Geochemical reference literature; References; CHAPTER 2. MINERALOGY OF THE RARE EARTH ELEMENTS; 2.1. Introduction; 2.2. Halides; 2.3. Carbonates; 2.4. Carbonates with fluoride.

2.5. Oxides2.6. Borate; 2.7. Silicates; 2.8. Silicates with other anions; 2.9. Phosphates; 2.10. Arsenates; 2.11. Sulphate; References; CHAPTER 3. COSMOCHEMISTRY OF THE RARE EARTH ELEMENTS:METEORITE STUDIES; 3.1. Introduction; 3.2. Condensation theory; 3.3. REE abundances in Ca, Al-rich inclusions; 3.4. REE in other components of chondrites; 3.5. Whole-rock chondrite analyses; 3.6. Analyses of achondrites; 3.7. REE in other differentiated meteorites; 3.8. Summary of REE cosmochemistry and future directions; Acknowledgements; References.

CHAPTER 4. PETROGENETIC MODELLING -- USE OF RARE EARTHELEMENTS4.1. Introduction; 4.2. Modelling of separation processes; 4.3. Simple chemical partitioning -- the Nernst D; 4.4. Equilibrium melting and crystallization; 4.5. Fractional crystallization: continuous removal of crystals; 4.6. Fractional crystallization: crystal zoning-surface equilibrium; 4.7. Incremental partial melting; 4.8. Zone melting; 4.9. Extraction; 4.10. Mixing; 4.11. References to combined models, and other comments; References; CHAPTER 5. RARE EARTH ELEMENT ABUNDANCES IN UPPER MANTL1ROCKS; 5.1. Introduction.

5.2. Alpine peridotites5.3. Ultramafics associated with ophiolites; 5.4. Ocean floor peridotites; 5.5. Ultramafic inclusions in basalts and kimberlites; 5.6. Implications of REE data for upper mantle composition and upper mantlprocesses; Acknowledgements; References; CHAPTER 6. THE RARE EARTH ELEMENT CHARACTERISTICS OFIGNEOUS ROCKS FROM THE OCEAN BASINS; 6.1. Introduction; 6.2. History of research; 6.3. Ocean ridge basalts; 6.4. Ocean islands; 6.5. Ocean plateau volcanism; 6.6. Factors controlling the distribution of REE in oceanic basalts; 6.7. Summary and conclusions; Ackno wledgemen ts.