Front Cover; Advances in Geophysics, Volume 33; Copyright Page; Contents; Chapter 1. Two-Dimensional Numerical Models of Mantle Convection; 1. Introduction; 2. Mathematical Formulation; 3. The Onset of Convection; 4. Finite Amplitude Convection Models; 5. Mantle Convection and Seismic Tomography; 6. Future Convection Models; References; Chapter 2. Source Mechanism of Earthquakes; 1. Introduction; 2. The Origin of Earthquakes; 3. Models or Representations of the Earthquake Source; 4. Determination of Source Mechanism Parameters; 5. Conclusions; References.

Chapter 3. Data Assimilation in Meteorology and Oceanography1. Introduction and Motivation; 2. Evolution of Data Assimilation in Meteorology; 3. Atmosphere and Ocean: Dynamics, Data Sets, and Models; 4. Estimation Theory and Data Assimilation; 5. Current Status of Meteorological Data Assimilation; 6. Current Status of Oceanographic Data Assimilation; 7. Concluding Remarks; References; Chapter 4. Diabatically Forced Mesoscale Circulations in the Atmosphere; 1. Introduction; 2. Free Oscillations; 3. Effects of Basic State Baroclinicity; 4. Effects of Horizontal Mean Flow Advection.

5. Strongly Temperature-Dependent Diabatic Forcing6. Concluding Remarks; References; Index.