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Social and economic obstacles to agrarian reform in north-east Brazil
Başlık:
Social and economic obstacles to agrarian reform in north-east Brazil
Yazar:
Hall, Anthony L., author.
ISBN:
9780438056572
Yazar Ek Girişi:
Fiziksel Tanımlama:
1 electronic resource (129 pages)
Genel Not:
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-08C.
Özet:
The present thesis is an attempt to analyse socio-economic factors and processes in the Zona da Mata of North-East Brazil, which operate against 'modernization' of the sugar industry. Sugar-cane in crown in a long coastal zone which extends from Rio Grande do Norte, southwards for about 1,500 kilometres to the state of Bahia, being no more than 100 kilometres wide at any point. Sugar-cane was originally planted by the Portuguese in Pernambuco over four centuries ago, and until the early part of this century provided a fairly stable economic base for the North-Eastern economy. Since the 1950's, however, the North-Eastern sugar economy has needed protection and heavy subsidization by the Brazilian government through the Instituto do Acucar e do Alcool (IAA); without this support it has been unable to compete on either the domestic or foreign markets with sugar produced in the Centre-South, or with foreign sugar. The industry received a temporary boost due to the sudden withdrawal of the Cuban sugar supply in 1961, but such temporarily inflated profit margins do not alter the basic inefficiency of the North-East's high-cost production. Sugar costs three times as much to produce here as in the Centre-South. The industry is hampered by obsolete production techniques in the industrial sector, lack of innovation and capital investment, low worker productivity, high levels of malnutrition and starvation amongst the work-, force, and a system of worker-employer relationships which permits extensive exploitation of labour. The social structure and organization of work relationships built around the culture of sugar-cane, I would argue, still retains its basic features from the colonial period, despite the abolition of slavery in 1888 and the advent of the industrialized sugar mill, the usina; my contention is that these social factors are largely responsible for the present economic backwardness of the sugar industry in the North-East and that they act as serious obstacles to induced economic development in the region.
The aim of this thesis will be to analyse those factors derived from the social and organizational structure of the industry which are likely to frustrate attempts at agrarian reform in the Zona da Mata. Administrative difficulties, lack of finance and technical aid, etc., also contribute to the slowness in implementing reforms, but my prime concern is with the social and organizational rigidities of the sugar industry that are, I would argue, a direct product of its colonial history and which have been perpetuated throughout the twentieth century. I intend to show that the organisation of production in the sugar industry, along with the system of work and social relationships built around it, has remained virtually unchanged since the early part of this century with the advent of the industrialization of production. Even before then, three hundred years of colonial organization had determined the basic pattern of relations between landowners and workers, whether as slaves or as wage-earning employees. Traditional behaviour patterns and attitudes have remained remarkably unchanged in their fundamental characteristics. The following chapters will examine the continued significance of these factors on the engenho and the usina, and the importance of protective policies pursued by the Brazilian government, which serve to frustrate attempts at induced change by means of agrarian reforms as outlined by GERAN and IBRA. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.).
Notlar:
School code: 0547
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Yer Numarası | Demirbaş Numarası | Shelf Location | Lokasyon / Statüsü / İade Tarihi |
---|---|---|---|
XX(684517.1) | 684517-1001 | Proquest E-Tez Koleksiyonu | Arıyor... |
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