Metabolic aspects of lead poisoning
Başlık:
Metabolic aspects of lead poisoning
Yazar:
Gibson, Sheila L. M., author.
ISBN:
9780438058699
Yazar Ek Girişi:
Fiziksel Tanımlama:
1 electronic resource (153 pages)
Genel Not:
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-08C.
Advisors: A. Goldberg.
Özet:
Lead is one of the oldest metals known to man. Evidence from Egypt (Brunton, 1937) reveals that it was in use 6,000 years ago, while man was still technically in the neolithic age. The early Egyptians and Hebrews used It In the form of white lead for pottery glazes and cosmetics but the red lead pigment was not discovered until late Grecian times. The Phoeniciansmined lead in Spain as early as 2,000 B.C., and it was used to make plant holders for the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. The Romans made considerable use of the metal for pipes and sewers and of white lead as a protective paint for the hulls of ships. The toxic qualities of lead do not seem to have been appreciated as early as its practical uses. That it can be poisonous seems not to have been realised until Hippocrates described abdominal colic in a lead worker in the 4th century B.C. (Hunter, 1962). Another Greek physician, Nicander, In the 2nd century B.C., described the syndrome more fully (Goodman & Gilman, 1965), and by the time of the Roman Empire it was well recognised and primitive preventive measures were in use. (Hunter, 1962). During the Dark, and Middle Ages of Europe, classical learning was largely lost or forgotten, and lead acetate was Introduced Into the European Pharmacopoeia by Paracelsus in the 16th century A.D. The syndrome of lead poisoning was not again generally recognised until the 17th and 18th centuries. Ramazzini, in 1713 (Hunter, 1962) described lead palsy in potters and Huxham in England, in 1739, described the Devonshire colic which was shown by Baker to be due to lead In the Devonshire cider presses, being dissolved Into the cider (Singer & Underwood, 1962). The industrial revolution Increased considerably the demand for lead and its salts, and in Britain men, women and children were employed Indiscriminately In all lead manufacturing processes. A very full account of the symptoms and signs of lead poisoning was published in 1839 by Tanquerel des Planches (Hunter, 1962) but even although the industrial hazard must have been recognised, It was not until 1864 that legislation was Introduced In Britain to control the danger. The Act of 1864 forbade pottery glazers to eat in the dipping or drying rooms of the potteries, and in 1878 children and young people were excluded from white lead manufacture. A further advance came in 1883 when the Factories (Prevention of Lead Poisoning) Act prescribed standards to which white lead factories had to conform, for ventilation and lavatory and bath accommodation, and required the use of special meal rooms, protective clothing, and respirators. The first Medical Inspector of Factories in Britain was Dr. T.M. Legge, appointed In 1898. It was as a result of his work that lead poisoning became a notifiable disease in 1899. He recognised that practically all Industrial lead poisoning was due to the Inhalation of lead dust or lead fume, and that technical control of these hazards was the most effective preventive measure. His recognition of the nature of the Intoxicating lead was a major advance and Increasingly effective technical methods of control have substantially reduced the Incidence of lead poisoning despite the continually Increasing demand for lead and Its products, although the discovery of substitutes for lead In the manufacture of paints and pottery glazes has also helped to reduce the Incidence of both Industrial and domestic lead poisoning. The present work is an attempt to relate the results of a study of the metabolic aspects of lead poisoning to some of the clinical problems encountered in industrial and paediatric lead poisonings.
Notlar:
School code: 0547
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Yer Numarası | Demirbaş Numarası | Shelf Location | Lokasyon / Statüsü / İade Tarihi |
---|---|---|---|
XX(684670.1) | 684670-1001 | Proquest E-Tez Koleksiyonu | Arıyor... |
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