Networks of innovation and the need for systemic science and technology policies: The Brazilian experience
Başlık:
Networks of innovation and the need for systemic science and technology policies: The Brazilian experience
Yazar:
Marsicano Guedes, Tereza M., author.
ISBN:
9780438082854
Yazar Ek Girişi:
Fiziksel Tanımlama:
1 electronic resource (330 pages)
Genel Not:
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-08C.
Özet:
This thesis examines the Brazilian Biotechnology Innovation Network - BBINet. It gauges the effectiveness of science and technology policy in supporting the emergence of networks between biotechnology firms, catalyst agents and research centres. Three dimensions of networks were proposed (knowledge, spatial, and organisational), the first two were chosen as boundary criteria, the organisational dimension being left open for empirical discovery. Various methodologies (secondary information, interviews, co-nomination of innovatory links) were used to reveal the overall structure of the network. Krackplot was used to obtain a visual representation and Ucinet was used to derive network indicators such as density, closeness, betweeness and actor's power. A set of three case studies allowed a better insight into intensity, frequency, quality, and evolution of networks and thus highlighted the role of government policies. The investigation revealed the existence of an innovation network in biotechnology, albeit a weak one, slow to emerge, with a low density of relationships and characterised by classical and mature biotechnologies. The motivations for collaboration are varied, and both formal and informal links are very important. Some important actors were identified. But the basis for this importance varied. Some (USP, Embrapa, Vallee and Biobras) have a lot of links and innovatory activities. Others (Baktron and Biobras) are in central positions in the network (high betweenness and closeness). The federal government has had a crucial role in the shaping of the BBINet. On the downside, the weakness of the network is related to science and technology policy not having been a priority of government and its consequent instability of funding and and organisation. The operationalisation of managerial and structural activities were also weak. Policy has not been operating as a system which would maximise efforts. The different parts of the innovation system have also been operating to different rules. For example university-industry links are still hampered by a continuing emphasis on academic performance criteria in determing funding. The findings indicate a need for synergies between different policy domains that affect innovation. The BBINet, would undoubtedly have benefited from co-ordination between the actors involved: government agencies, industry, catalyst agents, and academia. Also, because of the key role of certain smaller actors in network development, targeted support for key small firms and support for technology firms could also have yielded a disproportionate gain in network growth. On a positive note, government policies have been crucial to the BBINet emerging to the extent that it has so far. Some programmes, such as RHAE, and some 'islands of efficiency' show that it is possible to establish efficient networks of innovation. Given this evident potential and an apparent change in government and academic perception and actions towards innovation there are grounds for hope. Above all however, there is a need for policy stability rather than the institutional roller-coaster that has been Brazil's science policy until now.
Notlar:
School code: 1543
Tüzel Kişi Ek Girişi:
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Yer Numarası | Demirbaş Numarası | Shelf Location | Lokasyon / Statüsü / İade Tarihi |
---|---|---|---|
XX(686849.1) | 686849-1001 | Proquest E-Tez Koleksiyonu | Arıyor... |
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