Purpose: a) Examine the relationships between self-efficacy and resiliency with participation and quality of life (QOL): b) Assess the effects of nine weeks of community-based exercise training (CBET) on self-efficacy and resiliency and their influence on participation and QOL in chronic stroke survivors. c) Explore the change in self-efficacy and resiliency and its association to participation and QOL 30 days after completion of nine weeks of CBET.

Methods: A convenience sample of seventeen chronic stroke survivors participated in nine weeks of community-based exercise training study with 30-day follow-up. The following data was collected: demographics, self-efficacy (SE), resiliency (CD-RISC), impairment (TIS), participation (SIS), and quality of life (QOL).

Results: Self-efficacy predicts participation (p < .001) and QOL (p < .001). Resiliency predicts mental QOL after nine weeks of CBET (p = .040), and TIS was significant after nine weeks of CBET (p < .001). Resiliency and self-efficacy predicted participation (p = .002).

Conclusion: The psychological constructs of resiliency and self-efficacy may be keys to increasing one's involvement in his/her life situations. This study extends stroke research and supports the benefits of CBET for this population.