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Understanding short-term memory through individual differences in performances
Başlık:
Understanding short-term memory through individual differences in performances
Yazar:
Yang, Qian, author.
ISBN:
9780438043879
Yazar Ek Girişi:
Fiziksel Tanımlama:
1 electronic resource (335 pages)
Genel Not:
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-08C.
Özet:
Short-term memory (STM) and individual differences in STM performance have been the main themes of this thesis. From a dynamic point of view, individual differences in STM ability have been taken to reflect advantages or limitations of mental resources. From a descriptive point of view, performance at memory tasks may be taken to involve three different functional stages, information processing (encoding 'information into STM), information retention and information retrieval. The aim of this thesis is to attempt to explore some of characteristics of STM system by comparing individual differences in a variety of memory tasks which stress one or another of these processes. Peoples' ages and their levels of general intellectual ability, indexed by their unadjusted scores on intelligence tests, are used as indices of individual differences. The empirical evidence from experiments introduced in this thesis suggests that differences in individuals' information processing efficiency, indexed by mental processing speeds, can be a basic factor determining differences in their performance in STM tasks. The influence of information processing speed on level of STM performance may mainly operate through its effect on the process of initial information processing. However, these results also reveal that, although its role is essential, information processing efficiency is not the only factor that determines memory performance. Other mental processes involving in a STM task, for instance, forgetting, might have independent effect on STM performance. AH4 intelligence test score, considered as another index of general information processing efficiency, is a powerful predictor of STM performance. It affects memory performance through its influence on initial levels of information encoding as well as on rates of forgetting and of memory retrieval. Individuals' AH4 test scores are als strongly related to their information processing speeds and to a complex psychological capacity, working memory efficiency. The results suggest that at least three factors may separately act to determine initial encoding levels: information processing efficiency, processing time and word length. Forgetting process in STM was found to be independent of information processing efficiency but to be affected by actual achieved initial encoding level. In addition, rate of memory information retrieval, cumulative learning performance and working memory performance were all explored and discussed in this thesis. Clear age differences were observed in various memory tasks. The age related changes in performance on STM tasks appear to be mediated by corresponding changes in both mental processing speed and in forgetting rates. In addition, although STM performance can benefit from high intelligence, high intelligence does not protect individuals from the age effects.
Notlar:
School code: 1543
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Yer Numarası | Demirbaş Numarası | Shelf Location | Lokasyon / Statüsü / İade Tarihi |
---|---|---|---|
XX(684324.1) | 684324-1001 | Proquest E-Tez Koleksiyonu | Arıyor... |
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