Three Essays on Criminal Background Screening in the United States
Başlık:
Three Essays on Criminal Background Screening in the United States
Yazar:
McElhattan, David, author.
ISBN:
9780438117358
Yazar Ek Girişi:
Fiziksel Tanımlama:
1 electronic resource (129 pages)
Genel Not:
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-11(E), Section: A.
Advisors: John Hagan Committee members: Robert Nelson; Laura Beth Nielsen.
Özet:
This dissertation consists of three essays on the proliferation of criminal background checks in the United States.
The first essay draws from the National Inventory of the Collateral Consequences of Conviction (NICCC) to trace the historical emergence of state laws that enact criminal background checks for noncriminal justice purposes. The essay examines the impact of these cumulative policy changes on the system of criminal history record access in the United States, showing that the result of background check proliferation has been a functional reorientation of the criminal history record system toward social screening---the formal use of criminal records to determine eligibility for a broad range of institutional attachments, such as employment, professional licenses, housing, and civic and political participation.
The second essay uses an original panel data set to examine the extensiveness of background screening regimes at the state level. The essay tests the role of racial economic threat and late modern punitiveness in driving the adoption of background check provisions. Additionally, the essay develops and tests a third framework---racialized risk amplification---which suggests that background check provisions will be become more extensive as African Americans represent larger shares of state criminal record populations. The results support the racialized risk perspective, finding that African-American prison composition is a strong positive predictor of background check adoption. Yet, the results also reveal that neither racial economic threat nor state-level punitiveness increase the adoption rate. The findings carry implications for understanding the formal construction of stigma and the intersecting roles of race and crime and in the arrangement of American social institutions.
The third essay draws from legislative discourse in the Illinois General Assembly to examine how policymakers justify background check laws. This essay puts forward an endogenous account of constructing criminal risk, showing that lawmakers justified new background check laws largely as a means of filling security loopholes created by prior legislation. While the laws respond to identified criminal risks, the process of expanding background checks itself draws attention to other dimensions of vulnerability, demanding the addition of new screening requirements. Incremental expansions are further justified on the basis of background screening's low cost, which, lawmakers argue, creates an obligation to extend the laws wherever vulnerabilities are identified, particularly when children are potential victims and sex offenders the possible villains. The essay shows how security and vulnerability are mutually generative in the area of background screening, and discusses implications for understanding this legal form in the context of contemporary American penality.
Notlar:
School code: 0163
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Yer Numarası | Demirbaş Numarası | Shelf Location | Lokasyon / Statüsü / İade Tarihi |
---|---|---|---|
XX(693781.1) | 693781-1001 | Proquest E-Tez Koleksiyonu | Arıyor... |
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