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A Study of the Impact of a High Fat and High Cholesterol Diet on Cortical Bone in Captive Baboons
Başlık:
A Study of the Impact of a High Fat and High Cholesterol Diet on Cortical Bone in Captive Baboons
Yazar:
Balabuszko, Rachel Anastasia, author.
ISBN:
9780438099050
Yazar Ek Girişi:
Fiziksel Tanımlama:
1 electronic resource (168 pages)
Genel Not:
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-10(E), Section: B.
Advisors: Samuel Stout Committee members: Mark Hubbe; William McGraw.
Özet:
The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of a high fat, high cholesterol (HFHC) diet on cortical bone microarchitecture and cross-sectional properties in the femoral midshaft of captive baboons whose environment was controlled, and whose life history was known. Anthropological studies have assessed whether diet affected bone morphology (Ravosa et al., 2015; Scott et al., 2014; Larsen, 1997) through various means. However, to my knowledge, none have examined the effects of a HFHC diet on the bone of a nonhuman primate in an experimental setting. For anthropologists interpreting the skeletal record, knowledge about whether dietary constituents such as fat and cholesterol have the potential to affect the skeleton will improve our interpretations of life histories.
Previous findings on the effects of diets high in saturated fat are mixed. Some studies find a deleterious relationship between high fat diets (HFD) and bone structure (Li et al., 1990; Lorincz et al., 2010). Other studies have found no effect (Cao et al., 2009; Lau et al., 2010), and some found a protective effect (Ortinau et al., 2017; Wei et al., 2014). However, most of these studies were performed on rodents (Cao et al, 2009) who lack the haversian systems present in humans and baboons. Additionally, rodents do not experience the same reproductive and age related skeletal changes that humans and baboons do (Havill et al., 2008; Rogers and Hixson, 1997). Studies in humans suggest that HFD decreases bone mineral density (BMD), however, they rely on self- reported dietary data (Corwin, 2006), which can be inaccurate. Additionally, it is impossible to control the activity patterns of humans which can affect bone (Gosman et al., 2011).
The questions concerning whether HFD affects bone, and if those effects-if there are any- are beneficial or deleterious, go unanswered. This study tests hypotheses regarding the effects of a HFHC diet on cortical bone microstructure through a comparison of osteon area, Haversian canal area, OPD, percent absolute sample area, and percent porosity area between diet groups. Because changes in microstructure can also cause changes in cross-sectional geometry (Seeman and Delmas, 2006), total subperiosteal area, endosteal area, cortical area, Imax, Imin, J, and percent absolute cortical area were also assessed.
The bone samples used in the study are from baboons that were euthanized for other projects or died of natural causes. They were chosen because the following life history information is known: date of birth, sex, number of offspring, approximate date of conception, weight over time, and medical history. The HFHC diet group consists of 32 baboons (16 males, 16 females), and the control diet group consists of 33 baboons (16 male, 17 female). Both groups consist of weight and sex matched controls. Only the females are age matched because of differences in the age distributions of the males included by researchers at the Texas Biomedical Research Institute (TBRI) in the challenge diet study sample, versus the age distribution of the male baboons in the rest of the colony. These baboons were all housed the same way, which controlled for the effects of activity patterns on bone. Thus, a difference in cortical bone microarchitecture and cross-sectional geometry between the groups would suggest that their diet impacted their bone. I took digital images of the cross sections, and used Adobe Photoshop CS5.1 and ImageJ v1.2 to isolate and measure variables within eight regions of interest. The crosssectional geometry was calculated using the MomentMacroJ v1.4. All statistical analyses were completed using SPSS v.24...
Notlar:
School code: 0168
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Yer Numarası | Demirbaş Numarası | Shelf Location | Lokasyon / Statüsü / İade Tarihi |
---|---|---|---|
XX(687256.1) | 687256-1001 | Proquest E-Tez Koleksiyonu | Arıyor... |
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