Foundations of criminal law -- The problem of professionalism : judicial staff -- Staff and society -- Policing officialdom -- Procedure and evidence -- Torture -- Resolving a case -- Petrine reforms and the criminal law -- Corporal punishment to 1648 -- Corporal punishment, 1649-98 -- To the exile system -- Peter I and punishment -- Capital punishment : form and ritual -- Punishing highest crime in the long sixteenth century -- Factions, witchcraft, and heresy - Riot and rebellion -- Moral economies : spectacles and sacrifice -- Peter the Great and spectacles of suffering -- Conclusion : Russian legal culture.