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Novel Methods for Assessing Exposures and Health Effects of Ultrafine Particles and Nitrogen Oxides
Başlık:
Novel Methods for Assessing Exposures and Health Effects of Ultrafine Particles and Nitrogen Oxides
Yazar:
Corlin, Laura, author.
ISBN:
9780438020375
Yazar Ek Girişi:
Fiziksel Tanımlama:
1 electronic resource (231 pages)
Genel Not:
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-10(E), Section: B.
Advisors: David M. Gute Committee members: Doug Brugge; John L. Durant; Jon Levy; Mark Woodin.
Özet:
Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The impact of the smallest size fraction of particulate matter, ultrafine particulate matter (UFP, measured as particle number concentration or PNC) is less well-established. Only one study examined the joint effects of PNC and gaseous components of TRAP. We considered these effects within the prospective Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS; n=902 participants in Chelsea and Boston, Massachusetts). We assessed spatial and temporal factors affecting the distribution and covariation of PNC and nitrogen oxides (NOx). We found higher correlations in times and locations where traffic-related sources have greater impact. We developed a land use regression model to predict NOx concentrations at <200-m and 1-h resolution in Chelsea and Boston for 2003-2015 using data from a mobile platform and a fixed site. The model was stable with two cross-validation methods and predicted concentrations at three validation sites (adjusted-R2=0.53-0.62). Using the NOx model and a previously developed PNC model, we estimated participants' annual average exposures to both pollutants. We tested the independent and joint effects of long-term exposure to PNC and NOx on blood pressure and a biomarker of systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein). We found limited evidence that the pollutants affect diastolic blood pressure but the associations with each of the outcomes were inconsistent. Effect modification was observed by sex, smoking, and baseline hypertension status. To understand how PNC affects cardiovascular outcomes, we investigated the use of an instrument for a mediator to test mechanistic hypotheses within observational studies. We tested the impact of violations of the strong assumptions of this method in a simulation study. The method was more robust against confounding of the instrument-outcome relationship than the presence of instrument-outcome paths independent of the mediator. To improve exposure assessment of PNC, we measured the population-specific age-, sex-, weight-, and physical activity-adjusted minute respiratory volumes for a population like the BPRHS population. These values were applied to our previously developed exposure metric, the particle inhalation rate (PIR). The population-specific values did not change the PIR or health effect estimates. Our PIR algorithm is generalizable to diverse populations.
Notlar:
School code: 0234
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Yer Numarası | Demirbaş Numarası | Shelf Location | Lokasyon / Statüsü / İade Tarihi |
---|---|---|---|
XX(680660.1) | 680660-1001 | Proquest E-Tez Koleksiyonu | Arıyor... |
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