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Repeated criminal victimisation
Başlık:
Repeated criminal victimisation
Yazar:
Farrell, Graham, author.
ISBN:
9780355978551
Yazar Ek Girişi:
Fiziksel Tanımlama:
1 electronic resource (331 pages)
Genel Not:
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-08C.
Özet:
The primary subject is the repeated criminal victimisation of persons and places, referred to as repeat victimisation. The secondary theme is the means by which crime prevention might be developed to prevent repeat victimisation. Within this framework, other areas such as the measurement of crime distribution, police performance indicators and seasonal trends in crime are embraced. The thesis is in three parts: Part I reviews the literature, Part II presents five case studies in repeat victimisation, and Part III presents conclusions. The literature is explored with respect to demonstrating that repeated criminal victimisation is robust across crime types and method of study, but that its extent and significance have gone largely unrecognised. For example, in the 1982 British Crime Survey, 70% of all incidents were reported by the 14% of respondents who are repeat victims (a conservative figure), findings replicated by later sweeps of the survey. If repeat victimisation constitutes a significant proportion of all crime, then preventing repeated victimisation may prevent a significant proportion of all crime. In the second part of the thesis, it is shown that the measures of crime which are most frequently used can lead to a misunderstanding of the distribution of crime. The Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient and other measures of concentration and inequality used in the study of Economics, are suggested as possibilities for the measurement of crime 'rates'. It has been previously established that repeat victimisation is disproportionately greater in areas with the highest proportion of victimised people and places. This work is replicated and developed using data from three sweeps (as opposed to the previous one) of the British Crime Survey. Using non-linear regression equations, the findings are presented as area 'Revictimisation Curves' for each of personal and property crime. Further, the data lends a longitudinal facet to the analysis from which it is concluded that, whilst the degree of area inequality of crime distribution is great, it remained relatively stable during the 1980's. The remainder of the second part is concerned with aspects of repeated domestic violence. A large proportion of all calls to 'domestic incidents' received by the police are shown to derive from a small proportion of households that make repeated calls. A household which makes one call has an enhanced likelihood of a repeat call within a short space of time: it has a steep 'time - course' .A policing response which is quick and transient may help in the prevention of domestic violence as well as other crimes which have a similarly steep 'time course'. In Merseyside in 1988, 1989 and 1990, domestic violence had a large and predictable seasonal variation. Estimates are made of the expected volume of repeated domestic violence. As an exploratory case study, this is compared and contrasted to the seasonal variation for household burglary. Both are contrasted to car crime, which did not demonstrate seasonality but which showed a rapid drop in one year. Some crime prevention effort might be directed against specific crimes at their predictable seasonal peaks. Seasonal variation may provide insight into the nature of the crimes in question. Non-seasonal variations in specific crimes might also provide further insight and possibilities for crime prevention. In 1991 Merseyside police introduced their first 'dedicated' Domestic Violence Unit (DVU) in one division. Whilst for the remaining six divisions in Merseyside, the volume of repeat calls increased in the year after the DVU was introduced, the level of repeat calls dropped slightly in the division with the DVU. However, the mechanism by which repeat calls may have dropped, or failed to increase, remains indeterminate. When policing constitutes a response to crime, repeat victimisation may provide a more appropriate performance indicator than the overall level of crime. Domestic Violence Units in the police might be more effectively developed through the adoption of more direct crime prevention methods. The Conclusions (Part III) starts by broaching the questions of why repeat victimisation might occur for different types of crime. This is followed by findings of the work undertaken in the thesis with respect to research methodology and some ways in which repeat victimisation is commonly under-counted. Lastly, since crime prevention is a scarce resource, the possibility of resource allocation according to priority and the predictability of victimisation is discussed, as is the potential for a symbiosis between offender detection and preventing repeat victimisation.
Notlar:
School code: 1543
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Yer Numarası | Demirbaş Numarası | Shelf Location | Lokasyon / Statüsü / İade Tarihi |
---|---|---|---|
XX(683891.1) | 683891-1001 | Proquest E-Tez Koleksiyonu | Arıyor... |
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