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Can Ocean Acidification Lead to Altered Otoliths in Newly-settled Winter Flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus)
Başlık:
Can Ocean Acidification Lead to Altered Otoliths in Newly-settled Winter Flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus)
Yazar:
Ray, Aliza, author.
ISBN:
9780438056121
Yazar Ek Girişi:
Fiziksel Tanımlama:
1 electronic resource (88 pages)
Genel Not:
Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 57-06M(E).
Advisors: Elizabeth A. Fairchild Committee members: David L. Berlinsky; Winsor H. Watson.
Özet:
Winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), an economically important flatfish found in the northwest Atlantic, inhabits variable carbon dioxide (CO2) environments during spawning and its early life stages. Winter flounder in the Gulf of Maine (GOM) may be especially susceptible to ocean acidification (OA); as a cold water body with many freshwater and nutrient loading inputs, the GOM may have less capacity to buffer against acidification than other marine systems. Ocean acidification, coupled with increased global ocean temperatures, is known to impact shell calcification in marine calcifiers and otolith formation in some fish. Impacts to otoliths could result in variable calcium carbonate precipitation leading to altered otolith size and shape because of decreased seawater pH and physiological stress to the fish. To determine if this paradigm holds true for temperate fishes too, we examined if different OA scenarios would affect otolith morphology of winter flounder during their early life history period. Adult winter flounder were collected from the southern GOM, spawned in the laboratory, fertilized eggs incubated and larvae reared under three different pCO2 treatments (482 microatm/7.91 pH, 860 microatm/7.75 pH, 1320 microatm/7.57 pH), and three different temperature combinations (eggs: 4, 7, and 10°C; larvae: ~7, 10, and 13°C). Newly-hatched winter flounder from half of the parental offspring groups exhibited smaller otoliths, were smaller in size, and hatched out sooner in the warmest condition. No major otolith, body size, or incubation time changes were attributed to pCO2 concentration. Upon metamorphosis, classified by left eye migration, fish were preserved for otolith analysis. Sagittal otoliths from offspring of one parental lineage (n=68) were extracted, imaged using scanning electron microscopy, and analyzed using ImageJ to measure morphological metrics including size and shape. Otolith dimensions were analyzed at the three different larval temperature levels for deviations driven by CO2 from ambient conditions. Under elevated CO2 levels (1320 microatm) at the highest temperature tested (13°C), newly-settled winter flounder otoliths were significantly smaller in diameter (X 2 2,21 = 7.04, p < 0.03), area (X2 2,21 = 6.60, p < 0.04), perimeter (X2 2,21 = 6.44, p < 0.04), and width (X2 2,21 = 6.06, p < 0.05) than those from the other CO2-temperature treatments. No size differences were observed in otoliths of winter flounder subjected to any of the CO2 levels when reared at cooler temperatures. Additionally, no shape changes (circularity, ellipticity, aspect ratio) were observed between any of the treatments. Although our results indicate that early life stage winter flounder from offshore spawning populations in the GOM are fairly resilient to OA scenarios, these fish may be susceptible to acidified conditions if they are coupled with increased temperatures. The implications of altered otoliths in winter flounder are unknown as well as if these morphometric patterns hold true for inshore and estuarine spawners and more southern winter flounder populations.
Notlar:
School code: 0141
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Yer Numarası | Demirbaş Numarası | Shelf Location | Lokasyon / Statüsü / İade Tarihi |
---|---|---|---|
XX(693038.1) | 693038-1001 | Proquest E-Tez Koleksiyonu | Arıyor... |
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