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The Impact of Air Pollution and Its Regulation
Başlık:
The Impact of Air Pollution and Its Regulation
Yazar:
Fan, Mingxuan, author.
ISBN:
9780438094451
Yazar Ek Girişi:
Fiziksel Tanımlama:
1 electronic resource (98 pages)
Genel Not:
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-11(E), Section: A.
Advisors: Corbett Grainger Committee members: Ian Coxhead; John Mullahy; Daniel Phaneuf; Bill Provencher.
Özet:
This dissertation is composed of three essays on: (1) the impact of air pollution on labor supply and health and (2) the impact of pollution regulation on emissions.
The first essay evaluates the impact of fine particulates (PM2.5 ) on labor supply in China. Combining restricted individual-level panel data and sub-district level remote-sensing pollution estimates, our individual fixed effects model finds that a 1 microg/m3 increase in fine particulates reduces the hours worked by 29 minutes per week. An instrumental variable approach exploiting the difference in emissions reduction induced by the staged implementation of China's new National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) finds that the effect is twice as large. Our back-of-the-envelope calculation shows an economy-wide increase of 125 billion hours in labor supply per year with a 1 microg/m 3 reduction in pollution.
The second essay evaluates the impact of fine particulates on the health of the elderly in China. Using objectively measured health indicators from a panel survey on the elderly and city level remote-sensing pollution estimates, our individual fixed effects model finds that a 10 microg/m 3 increase in PM2.5 results in a 1.64 unit increase systolic blood pressure (SBP), a 1.39 unit increase in pulse pressure and a 8.18 unit reduction in Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF), which are indicative of worsening cardiovascular and respiratory health. We also find that even the population at relatively lower risk, such as those aged between 55 and 65 years and with no self-reported disease conditions, are still adversely affected by an increase in PM2.5 level. At the intensive margin, when the pollution levels are high, a 10 microg/m3 increase in PM 2.5 leads to an increase in the probability of being hypertensive by 0.4 percentage points.
The third essay studies the effect of the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) in the United States on the leakage of emissions of both carbon and co-pollutants. We use a difference-in-difference model exploiting the differences in the emissions by the electric generating units (EGUs) belonging to fully- versus partially-regulated wholesale electricity markets before and after RGGI implementation in 2009. We find that RGGI has led to larger emissions reductions, 25% in carbon, 74% in SO2 and 45% in NO x, in the partially-regulated market as compared to the full-regulated markets, which is likely to be the result of shift in production to non-regulated states in the market.
Notlar:
School code: 0262
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Yer Numarası | Demirbaş Numarası | Shelf Location | Lokasyon / Statüsü / İade Tarihi |
---|---|---|---|
XX(695310.1) | 695310-1001 | Proquest E-Tez Koleksiyonu | Arıyor... |
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