Teachers: using the past to understand the present -- Instruction: selecting reading as the base for education -- Learners: helping urban and immigrant students -- Learners: demanding opportunities for minority students -- Curriculum: promoting quality with textbooks -- Learners: dealing with gender and religious biases -- Politics: dealing with domestic problems -- Politics: responding to war -- Politics: reacting to organized labor -- Curriculum: promoting quality with tests -- Learners: helping students with disabilities.